-
Propriety, Charter Colonies, Royal
Colonies established by a group of settlers who had been given a formal doccument allowing them to settle. An investment from the crown. -
Headright System
Originally created in Jamestown, Virginia as a way to attract colonists for the Virginia Company. -
House of Burgesses
The first legislative assembly in the colonies. -
Pilgrams/Sepratists
English Puritans who founded the colony, Plymouth, in 1620. -
Period: to
The Great Puritan Migration
Puritans hevaily migrated from England to North America mainly due to the belief that the Church of England was beyond repair. Migration was shut down by King Charles I when the English Civil War broke out. -
Period: to
Salutary Neglect
Salutary neglect was a long running English policy of not strictly enforcing its laws in the colonies. -
John Locke
English philospher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experiences and human beings are born with the ideas already in their mind, -
New England Confederation
A group formed to provide defense of all four of the New England colonies. Also settled desputes between the colonies. -
Trade and Navigation Acts
These acts were an attempt of the goverment to limit colonial trade with anyone except Britain. American colonies imcreased sumuggling, therefore the New Dominion of England was creacted to enforce this act. American colonist saw the act as easy to get around. -
Half-way Covenant
A policy of the puritain church that allowed part membership to those who hadn't been convereted to the church. It lessened the divide between the elect members and regular members. Women also got to become a bigger part of the congregation. -
Period: to
King Philip's War
Battles between New Hampshire colonists and Wompanowog Indians, led by their chief called King Philip. The war started due to goverment trying to assert court jurisdiction over the Indians. Colonists won with the help of Mohawk Indians, Opened land up for expansion. -
Iroquios Confederacy
A group of powerful Native Americans in the Eastern Uninted States. Made up of five Nations: Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondoga, and Oneida. -
Phillis Wheatley
African American sold into slavery. The family that took her in treated her like a family memeber. She became the first published African American poet. -
Period: to
The French and Indian War
A war fought in North America between the French and British. Both sides were aided by Indian tribes. -
Albany Plan
Delegates from Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, and New Egland met at the Albany Congress. A plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin proposed the idea of not only colonial unity and negotiating with the Iroquois. No one approved the plan of having a goverment that helped relationships with the Indians. -
Tories/Loyalists
American colonists that remained loyal to the King during and after the American Revolution. Many left the US after the British lost the war. -
Paxton Boys
A group of frointeer men killed native americans. The group felt that they needed to take the law into their own hands because they didn't feel PA goverment was protecting them. -
Period: to
Pontiac's Rebellion
This rebellion began with the Natives in the Great Lake Area. British stopped this Rebellion and passed the Proclamation of 1763 to prevent further outbreaks. -
Proclamation of 1763
The goal of this proclamation was to help relations between Natives post French and Indian War. To prevent settlers from being attacked they were forbidden to move West past the Applachain Mtns. -
Sugar Act
The sugar act was a tax on many goods necessary for day-to-day life. It was used to raise money for colonists to pay off French and Indian War debt. -
Stamp Act
All paper matriel had to be stamped. Colonist had to buy stamps and the money they paid went towards paying British troops. -
Quartering Act
The British Quartering Acts were passed. Americans must give Troops room and board if they do not have anywhere to stay. -
Stamp Act Congress
Meeting in NYC with 9 out of 13 delegates from the colonies. Decleration of Rights was written, only colonies could tax themselves, they wanted the rights of Englishmen. -
Period: to
Townshend Acts
Acts imposed on the Colonists by the British. They were to get the revenue to pay for colonial governors and judges. Resulted in Boston Massacre. -
Period: to
Tecumseh
An Indian leader in the who fought in the Tippecanoe against the British. He died in battle. -
Non-Importation Agreements
In a reaction to all of the acts and taxes the British were placing on the colonists the Non-Importation Agreement were put into place. This agreement among the colonists was a boycott of English goods. -
Period: to
Samuel Slater
Early American industrialist, known as the "father of the American Revolution" -
Gaspee Affair
The British ship that enforced the British trade regulation was looted and burned by American Patriots. -
Tea Act
The British East India Company was facing bankrupcy. To benefit the company parliment passed a tea tax on the colonists. -
Virtual Representation
Colonists argument that the British couldn't tax them without giving them representation in parliment. The British felt they were virtually represented by the King and Charter holders. -
Period: to
Yeoman Farmers
Yeoman farmers were hardworking, honest, and independent farm owners. Their values became prominante in the rebublicans view for the nation. -
Olive Branch Petition
The Second Continental Congress wrote this to try and prevent war with Britain. They tried to tell the king that colonists didn't want to breakaway from England. The King didn't even open the letter. -
Period: to
Crisis Papers
Written by Thomas Paine during the Revolutionairy War. These papers were written in a common language so that the common American person could understand them. -
Treaty of Alliance 1778
Formed in the midst of the Revolutionairy War, promised military support if British attacked again. -
Period: to
Critical Period
The time between the Revolutionairy war and Washington's presidential election. The time that America had no offical leader. -
Treaty of Paris 1783
The treaty of paris officially ended the Revolutionairy war. This was Britains way of recongnizing America's freedom. They gave American decent boundries from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River. -
Land Ordinance of 1785
The old Northwest would be sold in acers. The proceeds would go towards paying off the national debt. -
Period: to
Hatian Rebellion
A conflict between white colonists and freed black slaves. -
Period: to
Whiskey Rebellion
George Washingtons was strengthend and respected after he squashed rebellion in south western pa. -
Pickney Treaty
Spain gave the US everything they demanded. Free Navigation of the Mississippi and Northern Flordia. -
Period: to
Undeclared Naval War
A war fought mostly at sea between France and the US. -
Alien and Sedation acts
Hurt the undisirable immagrant and freedom of speech and press. -
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Written by Jefferson and Madison regarding states rights. -
Gabriel Prosser's Rebellion
And attempted slave rebellion in Richmond. Didnt happen due to rain. -
Period: to
Barbary Pirates
North African pirates who made an industry out of blackmailing and plundering merchant ships in the medditranian. -
Marbury v Madison
The supreume court creates judicial review. Meaning that the federal law has the final say on all state laws. -
Orders in Council
Edicts ordered by the London goverment. The closed all European ports under French control. Unless vessels first stopped in British ports. -
The American System
Propsed by Henry Clay to make America have a self- sufficent economy. He proposed a national bank, tariffs, and internal improvments. -
Period: to
Era of Good Feelings
The mood of the Uninted States during president Monroe's adminastration. -
American Colonization Society
Founded to aid and support the return to African Americans to Africa. -
Adams Onis Treaty
Spain gave up there claims to most land in the US including Texas. -
Missouri Compromise
Missouri became a slave state and Maine became attmited as a free sate. Created a balance everyone was happy with. -
Corrupt Bargain
During the election of 1824 Adams bribed Clay to take secong place. -
Gibbons v. Ogden
A supreme court case in which it was decided that congress had the power to control interstate commerce. -
Erie Canal
Completed in New York due to a construction program for the American System. -
Cyrus McCormick
Inventor from Va, he invented the harvesting machine in 1831 and founded the company after his father passed away. -
Period: to
Bank War
Andrew Jackson hated the bank of the US and wanted to demolish it. He hated the influence it hade on the economy and refused to recharter it. -
Worcester V Georgia
US Sepreme Court case in which Cherokees were granted federal protection from states that tried to infringe upon the tribes freedom. -
Force Act
Used military control to protect African Americans right to vote. -
American anti Slavery Society
Established by William Lloyd Garrison to work on abolishing slavery. Fredrick Douglas was an infulental speaker at the meetings. -
John Deere
Biggest manufacturer of agricultural equipment. Ammerican blacksmith and invetor of the steele plow. -
Period: to
Trail of Tears
President andrew jackson called for native americans to be removed from their homes. Many Indians died from starvation and disease. -
Common Wealth V Hunt
Court ruled unions were not consprices and it gave the workers the right to protest and strike against companies. -
Webster Ashburton Treaty
Between the US and Britain, setteled boundary disputes between in the Northwest, fixed boreders between the US and Canada, and talked about slavery. -
Period: to
James K Polk Presidency
11th and last strong president leading up to the Civil War and was very succsesful with foreign affairs. -
Wilmot Proviso
Wanted to ban slavery in land from Mexican session. Increased conflict regarding slavery. -
Lucretia Mott
Quaker activist fo womens rights. Principle organizer for the Seneca Falls Convention. -
Treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo
Peace treaty between the US and Mexico, ended the Mexican American War. Gave the US land from the Mexican Session. -
Seneca Falls Convention
An early convention for womens rights. Decleration of seniments written. -
Horace Mann
An educator who made many reforms to the public school system. -
Nashville Convention
Meeting of 9 representatives of the Southern states to monitor the compromise of 1850. The convention excepted the compromise but laid plans for the Confedracy. -
Compromise of 1850
Extention of the Missiouri Comprimise between free and slave states. Slavery allowed in New Mexico and Utah, Texas was divided, stronger fugative slave laws created. -
Gadsen Purchase
Lower part of present day New Mexico and Arizona was purchased by President Perice after the end of the Mexican American War. -
Period: to
Bleeding Kansas
A squence of violent events including free staters and pro slavery that took place in the Kansas Territory as an attempt to influence wether Kansas would be a slave state or Free state. -
Hinton Helper
Southern anti-slavery supporter. Wrote "the Impending Crisis of the South" hurt slavery and southern economy. -
Dred Scott v Stanford
Inported African Americans could not become U.S citizens even if free. -
Period: to
Freedman's Burea
A U.S. government-sponsored agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom.that provided food, established schools, and tried to redistribute land to former slaves as part of Radical Reconstruction; it was most effective in education, where it created over 4,000 schools in the South. -
Trent Affair
A US Naval Ship stopped a British Ship with two captured American diplomats. -
Morrill Land Grant Act
US premitted land grants to build land-grant colleges. -
Homestead Act
Gave 160 acers of land to any settler who would farm it. Encouraged Western migration. -
Emancipation Proclimation
All slaves in confederate states that were in open rebellion were freed. -
Black Codes
Black codes legislation passed by Southern states at the end of the Civil War to control the labor, migration and other activities of newly-freed slaves. -
Salvation Army
Founded by William Booth. Theystarted churches where people who were not received by gentle society would be welcome. -
13th Amendment
13th-Abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. -
Civil Rights Act of 1866
The act declared that all persons born in the United States were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition. -
Period: to
Tenure of Office Act
A federal law that was intended to restrict the power of the President of the United States to remove certain office-holders without the approval of the Senate. -
Seward's Folly
Secretary of State William Seward's negotiation of the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867 for about $7 million -- about 2 cents per acre . At the time everyone thought this was a mistake to buy Alaska the "ice box" but it turned out to be the biggest bargain since the Louisiana purchase. They later realized Alaska was really useful for resources like fish, furs, and lumber. -
14th Amendment
Defines citizenship and deals with post-Civil-War issues. -
15th Amendment
Prohibits the denial of suffrage based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude -
Period: to
Sioux Wars
Clashes between the Sioux Indians and white men. They were spurred by gold-greedy miners rushing into Sioux land. The white men were breaking their treaty with the Indians. The Sioux Indians were led by Sitting Bull and they were pushed by Custer's forces. Custer led these forces until he was killed at the battle at Little Bighorn. Many of the Indian were finally forced into Canada, where they were forced by starvation to surrender. -
Munn vs Illinois
A supreme court case dealing with corporate rates and agriculture.The case allowed states to regulate certain businesses such as railroads within their borders. -
Compromise of 1877
Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river; as long as Hayes became the president. -
Period: to
New Immigrants
Over 20 million people entered the United States. They made up fifteen percent of the total population. The arrival of these newcomers evoked a complex response from the "natives" already living there. Many Americans reacted with anxiety and hostility to the staggering numbers of new arrivals. Many Still others, however, went on to places including southern New England. Some took jobs in factories -
Chinese Exclusion Act
Banned Chinese laborers to immigrate to US for a total of 40 years because the United States thought of them as a threat. Caused chinese population in America to decrease. -
Pendelton Civil Service Reform
Made permanent federal employment based on merit rather than on political party affiliation. -
American Federation of Labor
Leaders of crafts unions joined together to form a Labor union comprised of skilled workers. Their focus was on concrete economic gains, higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions. -
Interstate Commerce Act
A United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices.
It was the first federal law to regulate private industry in the United States. -
Dawes Act
Authorized the President of the United States to survey Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. The goal was to simulate Indians into American society. -
3/5ths Compromise
A slave did not count as a whole person. A slave was counted as 3/5ths of a person. -
Dorthea Dix
An influental women in prison and asylum reforms -
Sherman antitrust act
Contracts, combinations, or conspiracies in restraint of trade or in the effort to establish monopolies in interstate or foreigh commerce was forbidden. Not very sucsessful. -
Populist Party
Advocated variety of reform issues, including free coinage of silver, income tax, postal savings, regulation of railroads, and direct election of U.S. senators. Mainly supported by farmers in the South and the West. -
Plessy vs Furgeson
Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal." -
Period: to
Spanish American War
War fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. It didn't last long and resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. -
Teller Amendment
U.S. declared Cuba free from Spain, but this amendment disclaimed any American intention to annex Cuba -
Open Door Policy
All nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. US wanted to have a sphere of influence like other countries. -
Period: to
Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising in China against foreign influence in religion, politics, and trade. In the fighting, the Boxers killed thousands of Chinese Christians and attempted to storm the foreign embassies in Beijing. -
Anthracite Coal Strike
Over 150,000 miners walked off their jobs demanding higher pay, shorter days and offiicial recognition of their union. Mine owners agreed to arbitration and the movement was perceived as having sided with the strikers rather then movement. -
Hay Bunau Varilla Treaty
Buena Varilla compromised with Hay and T. Roosevelt to engineer a revolution in Panama against the Colombian government, therefore allowing the US to build a canal there -
Period: to
Russo Japanese War
Conflict between Japan and Russia over Korea and Manchuria for control of Port Arthur ; Japan's victory is first Asian victory over West. -
Niagara Movement
Group of African American thinkers founded in 1905 that pushed for immediate racial reforms, particularly in education and voting practices. -
International Workers of the World
Radical labor union created in opposition to American Federation of Labor. Followed socialist ideas based off of Karl Marx; this group was persecuted during WWI due to their socialist tendencies and activism against the governmen -
"The Jungle"
By Upton Sinclair, pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry.and portrayed the dangerous and unhealthy conditions prevalent in the meatpacking industry at that time The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
In response to the Jungle US legislation in 1906 placed restrictions on the makers of prepared foods and patent medicines and forbade the manufaxture, sale, or transportation of adulterated, misbranded, harmful foods, drugs, and liquors. Called for acurate labeling. -
Roosevelt Corollary
Extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force. "Speak softly and carry a big stick." -
Mann- Elkins Act
gave the Interstate Comerce Commission the power to suspend new railroad rates, along with oversee telephone and cable companies; included communications -
Bull Moose Party
The Republicans were badly split in the 1912 election, so Roosevelt broke away forming his own Progressive Party, Bull Moose Party. The party wanted tariff reduction, women's suffrage, higher corporate regulation and a child labor ban, a federal compensation for workers, and several other platforms. Lost to Wilson. -
Dollar Diplomacy
Foriegn Policy idea by Taft to make countries dependant on the U.S. by heavily investing in their economies,this policy started as a way for the US to have some control in what was happening in other countries without fighting with them. -
16th Amendment
Gave Congress the power to tax income. -
17th Amendment
Calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures. -
Federal Reserve System
Establish banking practices and regulate currency in circulation and the amount of credit available. It consists of 12 regional banks supervised by the Board of Governors. -
Federal Trade Comission
This nonpartisan commission investigated and reported on corporate behavior, and was authorized to issue cease and desist orders against unfair trade practices. Enabled the government to more easily kill monopolies. -
Clayton Anti Trust Act
Forbade policies that created monopolies, and made corporate officers responsible for antitrust violations. Benefiting labor, it declared that unions were not conspiracies in restraint of trade and outlawed the use of injunctions in labor disputes unless they were necessary to protect property orprevent injury. -
Lusitania
Lusitania British passenger liner torpedoed and sank by Germany. It ended the lives of 1,198 people, including 128 Americans, and pushed the United States closer to war. -
Panama Canal
Panama Canal Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States Army engineers. It greatly shortened the sea voyage between the east and west coasts of North America. -
Keating Owen Child Labor Act
Excluded from interstate commerce goods manufactured by children under fourteen; later ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the ground that regulation of interstate commerce could not extend to the conditions of labor. -
Zimmerman Note
Diplomatic proposal from the German Empire to Mexico to make war against the United States. The proposal was intercepted and decoded by British intelligence. -
Committee on Public Information
Headed by George Creel it composed of the secretaries of state, war, and the navy, with the help of journalists, photographers, artists, entertainers, was a propaganda committee that built support for the war effort in Europe among Americans. -
Food Administration Act
Created by Wilson during WWI - Led by Herbert Hoover - set up ration system to save food for soldiers "wheatless wenesday" and "meatless Monday" -
Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points
Included public negotiations between nations, freedom of navigation, free trade, self-determination for several nations involved in the war, and the establishment of an association of nations to keep the peace (League of Nations). -
18th Amendment
prohibition of alcohol. started by Protestant congregations and women's groups who wished to eliminate the consumption of alcohol in the United States. -
Volstead Act
"no person shall manufacture, sell, barter, transport, import, export, deliver, furnish or possess any intoxicating liquor except as authorized by this act." It did not specifically prohibit the purchase or use of intoxicating liquors. -
Period: to
Harlem Renaussance
black artistic movement in New York City in the 1920s, when writers, poets, painters, and musicians came together to express feelings and experiences, especially about the injustices of Jim Crow; leading figures of the movement included Countee Cullen, Claude McKay, Duke Ellington, Zora Neale Hurston, and Langston Hughes. -
League of Nations
International organization formed in 1920 after WWI to promote cooperation and peace among nations. Suggested originally by Woodrow Wilson but the U S never joined. and it remained powerless; it was dissolved in 1946 after the United Nations was formed -
19th Amendment
Granted women the right to vote. -
20th Amendment
Changed date president takes office from March 4th to January 20th. Changed start of Congress to January3rd. End of Lame Duck Congress. -
Warren G Harding
29th U.S. President. 1921-1923 (Died of natural causes). Republican , promising a "return to normalcy"; not much interested in the work of presidency, enjoying the pomp and circumstance instead; (used office for private gain) had many affairs; presidency marked by corruption and scandal, but he died before his political career was significantly damaged -
Kellog-Briand Pact
The pact renounced aggressive war, prohibiting the use of war as "an instrument of national policy" except in matters of self-defense. The pact was the result of a determined American effort to avoid involvement in the European alliance system. -
Teapot Dome Scandal
The Naval strategic oil reserve at Teapot Dome Oil Field in Natrona County, Wyoming, and the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Oil Fields in Kern County, California were taken out of the Navy's control and placed in the hands of the Department of the Interior, which leased the land to oil companies at low rates and without competitive bids. Several Cabinet members received huge payments as bribes. Due to the investigation, Daugherty, Denky, and Fall were forced to resign. Fall was later convicted of acc -
Hoovervilles
Camps and shantytowns of unemployed and homeless on the outskirts of major cities during the early days of the Depression; they were symbols of the failure of Hoover's program and the way the nation held him responsible for the hard times. -
Stimson Doctrine
In reaction to Japan's 1932 occupation of Manchuria, Secretary of State Henry Stimson declared that the United States would not recognize territories acquired by force. Japan was violating the League of Nations. -
Hundred Days
first weeks of the Roosevelt Administration, during which Congress passed 13 emergency relief and reform measures that were the backbone of the early New Deal -
National Industrial Recover Act
Allowed business to come together as a group to determine a set of codes that they would live by. To help economy. -
TVA
controversial Government owned utility company that provided thousands of jobs as it built a series of dams that generated power, provided flood relief, and created recreational lakes throught the seven states (Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia) serviced by the Tennessee River. -
21st Amendment
repeal of prohibition -
Period: to
Bank Holiday
Franklin D. Roosevelt closed the nation's banks from March 6 to March 15, 1933, to forestall additional bank failures and stabilize the banking system. -
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp (FDIC)
purpose of insuring the return of a depositor's money (up to $100,000) in case his bank fails. -
Securities and Exchange Commison
protect the public against fraud, deception, and inside manipulation. It authorized this administrative agency to watch over banking and businesses. Stock markets henceforth were to operate more as trading marts and less as gambling casinos. -
Indian Reorginization Act
These include a reversal of the Dawes Act's privatization of common holdings of American Indians and a return to local self-government on a tribal basis. The Act also restored to Native Americans the management of their assets (being mainly land) and included provisions intended to create a sound economic foundation for the inhabitants of Indian reservations. -
Wagner Act
established National Labor Relations Board; after the NRA was ruled unconstitutional protected the rights of most workers in the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands. -
Social Security
federal insurance pregram based upon the automatic collection of taxes from employees and employers throughout people's working careers. Those payments would then be used to make monthly payments to retired persons over the age fo 65. Workers who lost their jobs, people who were blind or disabled, and dependent children and their mothers also received benefits. -
National Labor Relations Act
also known as the Wagner Act, that guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and created the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor-managment relations. , Made sure workers were treated and payed well and not getting abused by their business -
Court Packing Scheme
Roosevelt tried to put an extra justice on the Supreme Court for every justice over 70 years old who wouldn't retire. These justices would be supporters of Roosevelt and there would be a maximum of 15 judges. The plan failed. Congress would not accept. -
Fair Labor Standards Act
United States federal law that applies to employees engaged in and producing goods for interstate commerce. The FLSA established a national minimum wage, guaranteed time and a half for overtime in certain jobs, and prohibited most employment of minors in "oppressive child labor," a term defined in the statute. -
"Grapes of Wrath" by John Steinbeck
story of dustbowl victims who travel to California to look for a better life; a novel set during the great depression,focuses on a poor family of sharecroppers driven from their home by drought, economic hardship, and changes in the agriculture industry. -
Works Progress Administration
New Deal program that employed men and women to build hospitals, schools, parks, and airports; employed artists, writers, and musicians as well. -
Lend Lease Act
The act allowed America to sell, lend or lease arms or other supplies to nations considered "vital to the defense of the United States." -
Period: to
Japanese Internment Camps
forcible relocation by the US government in 1942 of approximately 120,000 Japanese American and Japanese residing in the US to camps called "war relocation camps." Yellow Peril. -
Korematsu v US
Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay $20,000 to each survivor. -
G.I. Bill of Rights
provided college or vocational education for returning WWII veterans and one year of unemployment compensation. -
Period: to
Harry S Truman
33rd Presdident, took over for FDR. Made the decison to drop the atomic bomb. -
Period: to
Baby Boomers
Everyone born during the post-WWII demographic boom in births, peopl could afford kids after the war. -
Truman Doctrine
President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology. -
Taft-Hartley Act
US federal law that monitors the activities and power of labor unions -
Dixiecrats
Formed by Southern Democrats in reaction to Truman's support for civil rights. Election of 1948. -
Period: to
Berlin Airlift
during the multinational occupation of post-WWII Germany, the USSR blocked the western allies' railway and road access to Berlin. Over 4000 tons of supplies and food per day were airlifted to West Berlin. -
NATO
military alliance of western European and North American states against the Soviet Union and its east European allies. -
NSC-68
Increased military spending in preperation for cold war -
McCarthyisim
politically motivated practice of making accusations of disloyalty without proper regard for evidence, he accused people of being communist. -
Period: to
Korean War Date
The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea. -
Julius and Ethel Rosenburg
American Communist who were executed in 1953 for conspiracy to commit espoinage, by giving info about atomic bombs to the Soviet Union. -
Dynamic Conservatism
Eisenhower's philosophy of being liberal in all things human and being conservative with all things fiscal (money). Appealed to both Republicans and Democrats. -
Federal Highway Act
Appropriating $25 billion for the construction of interstate highways over a 20-year period, it was the largest public works project in American history to that point. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Court ruled that segregation, "separate but equal," was unconstitutional, overturned Plessey v Ferguson. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
intended to oppose the city's policy of racial segregation on its public transit system, Rosa Parks helped start it by refusing to give up her seat to a white man. -
Little Rock school crisis
A group of African-Americans who were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school. -
Esienhower Doctrine
a country could request American economic assistance and/or aid from the US military forces if it was being threatened by another state, prominate with helping Middle East Countries resist communisim. -
Sputnik
The world's first space satellite. This meant the Soviet Union had a missile powerful enough to reach the US. -
NASA
United States government as an independent agency for space exploration, we wanted to catch up to Russia. -
New Fronteir
The campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. He promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights. -
Greensboro Sit-ins
Black students politely order food from restaurant, and were not served. They sat in place for days, gathering supporters. Successful. -
U2 Spy Plane Incident
am american u-2 spy plane was shot down over the soviet union, Nikita Khruschev brought the plane to the UN and looked at US and said "we will crush you". -
Period: to
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point in the Revolutionairy War, determined british fate. French allied with America.