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California v. Bakke
Ruled that university's use of racial "quotas" in admissions process was unconstitutional. -
Saddam Hussein
Leader of Iraq during the middle of the Cold War, the invasion of Kuwait made him an enemy of America. -
Moral Majority
A political action committee founded by Jerry Falwell dedicated to moral values and in opposition to feminism and gay rights. -
Supply-Side Economics
Used to describe how changes in Marginal tax rates influence economic activity. -
AIDS
Huge outbreak that started with gay men and was labeled "gay-plague" -
Walter Mondale
Vice President of Carter and when he wont the democratic nomination he was defeated by Reagan. -
Sandra Day O'Connor
Retired Associates Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from her appointment by Ronald Reagan -
PACTO Strike
Union declared a strike, seeking better working conditions, better pay, and 32-hour work week. -
Ronald Reagan
American politician who served as 40th president of United States -
Trickle-Down Economics
Referred to as trickle-down theory, is an economic theory that advocates reducing taxes on business and wealthy. -
Economic Recovery Tax Act
"Kemp-Roth Tax Cut" was a federal law enacted in US. -
Brady Bill
Gun-control law named for presidential aide James Brady who had been wounded and disabled by gunfire in the assassination attempted on Reagan -
Boland Amendment
Democrats opposed to administrations policies in Nicaragua passed this to prohibit further aid to the contras. -
SDI
"Strategic Defense Initiative" proposed by Reagan that called for land or space based shield against nuclear attacks. -
Beirut Bombings
Acts of terrorism that occurred during Lebanese Civil War -
Internet
Computers, faxes, cellphones, and the Internet had a huge economic impact -
Geraldine Ferraro
First woman to appear on a major-party presidential ticket. Congress woman running for Vice President -
Religious Fundamentalism
A religious movement whose objectives were to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy. -
Iran-Contra Affair
Scandal that erupted after the Reagan administration sold weapons to Iran in hopes of freeing American hostages. -
Mikhail Gorbachev
Soviet leader that was installed as chairman of the Soviet Communist party. -
WIlliam Rehnquist
An American lawyer, jurist, and political figure who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court and later the Chief Justice of the US -
Immigration Act of 1986
Outlawed hiring undocumented immigrants, but offered legal status to aliens. -
INF Agreement
Arms limitation agreement settles by Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev after several attempts. -
Glasnot & Perestroika
Two policies announced by Gorbachev aimed to ventilate secretive Soviet society by introducing free speech. -
"Tear down this wall"
Speech given in Brandenburg Gate, this was where the entrance of the Berlin Wall was located. -
"Read my lips, no new taxes"
Said by George H.W. Bush as he accepted the Republican nominations. -
Fall of Berlin Wall
Marked the symbolic end of the Cold War and was the beginning of the collapse of communism in eastern Europe -
Tiananmen Square
Suppression of Chinese democrats by the PLS. Caused much condemning from western nations including U.S. -
George H.W. Bush
42nd president of the United States, previously Vice President for Ronald Reagan. -
Panama Invasion
Ordered by Bush to remove autocratic General Manuel Noriega. -
Lech Walesa
Polish politician, former trade union and human rights activist, and also former electrician. -
Sandinistas
Members of leftist coalition that overthrew the Nicaraguan dictatorship of Anastasia Somoza -
Start I and II
US and Soviet Union signed the treaty that called for reduction in number of long-range nuclear weapons -
Boris Yeltsin
Soviet and Russian politician and the the first President of Russian Federation -
Persian Gulf War
After Iraq invaded Kuwait, US invaded Iraq to liberate Kuwait which caused Iraq to set Kuwait's oil fields on fire to Americans couldn't gain advantage -
Clarence Thomas
African American jurist and strict critic of affirmative action, who was nominated by George H.W. Bush to be on Supreme Court. -
Breakup of Soviet Union
Disintegrated into Russian, Ukraine, Tajikistan, and other independent countries, that was pushed by Gorbachev's progressive reforms. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Passed by Congress, which banned discrimination against the disabled in employment and mandated easy access. -
EU
Economic union between countries in Europe for mutual gain. -
Kyoto Accord
Protocol to United Nations Framework Convention on climate change dealing with global warming. -
Ross Perot
He rose as a significant third party candidate. A tech-company billionaire who spent his own money on campaigning. -
Yasser Arafat
Historic treaty was signed between Yasser and Yitzhak Rabin that would allow Palestinian self-rule in parts of Israel -
PLO
Agreement between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization in which Israel agreed that the PLO could govern the West -
Bill Clinton
Entered office as the first democratic party president sign Jimmy Carter and a self-proclaimed activist. -
NRA
First attempt to achieve advance through planning and cooperation among labor, business, and government -
Failure of Health Reform(1990's)
Health care reform package under Clinton Administration -
Deficit Reduction Budget
Clinton created a deficit-reduction bill that refers to taxation, spending, and economic policy debates and proposals to reduce the Federal budget -
West Bank and the Gaza Strip
Oslo Accords made agreement where Israel gave Palestinian self-rule in Gaza Strip and West Bank. -
"Don't ask, don't tell"
Common term for policy about homosexuality in the US military mandated by federal law. -
Contract with America
Newt Gingrich had republican candidates sign a document where they pledged their support -
NAFTA
Established free trade zone between Canada, United States, and Mexico, net gain jobs due to opening of Mexican markets -
Newt Gingrich
Proposed "Contract with America" and the first republican speaker in 40 years. -
Oklahoma City Bombing
Truck bomb explosion that killed 168 people in federal office building. -
Nuclear Proliferation
The spread of nuclear weapons to new nations. -
Welfare Reform
Bill that made reduction in welfare grants and required able welfare recipients to find employment -
Bob Dole
Attorney and retired US senator from Kansas, longest serving Republican leader -
Madeline Albright
The first woman to serve as secretary of state, proved to be more assertive. -
G-8
International organization of leading capitalist industrial nations. -
"Ethnic Cleansing"
Process where more powerful ethnic groups forcibly remove a less powerful ethnic group -
WTO
International trade organization that prompted strong protests from anti-global trade forces. -
Clinton Impeachment
Clinton confessed before jury that he and Lewinsky had an improper relationship -
Bosnia and Kosovo
Combination of diplomacy, bombing, and troops from NAT countries. -
Housing Bubble
Sales of new homes in US had a 60 percent rise but ended up falling. -
Al Gore
Clinton's vice president and candidate for 2000 presidential election. -
George W. Bush
Forty-third president of the US, son of former president George H.W. Bush. -
Bush v. Gore
Case was during 2000 presidential election between Bush and Gore over Florida's 25 electoral votes. -
Osama Bin Ladin
Founder of Al-Qaeda, a terrorist network responsible for 9/11 attacks. -
Hillary Clinton
American politician, former diplomat, and former First Lady of US. -
Taliban
Extreme conservative Muslims, protected Osama Bin Ladin by allowing him to hide in Afghanistan -
Al-Qaeda
Global militant Sunni Islamist terrorist group founded by Osama Bin Ladin, responsible for 9/11 attacks -
Bush Tax Cuts
Two laws passed that reduced taxes for virtually every American: cut income tax rates and eliminated estate tax. -
9/11
Terrorist attack on World Trade Centers and Pentagon buildings, perpetrated by Al-Qaeda and directed by Osama Bin Ladin -
Enron
Enron scandal eventually led to the bankruptcy of Enron Corporation, an American energy company -
No Child Left Behind
Act that provides money fro extra educational assistance for poor children in return for improvements in their academic progress. -
Abu Ghraib Prison
Iraq prison where some Iraqi prisoners of war were abused by American guards -
Homeland Security
US federal agency created for coordinate national efforts against terrorism. -
"Axis of Evil"
Term coined by President Bush in State of Union address, "axis" refers to Iraq, North Korea, and Iran -
Operation Iraqi Freedom
Operation where US troops invaded Iraq and Saddam's forces collapsed. -
WMD's
Weapons of mass destruction, one of the pretexts for attack on Iraq. -
John Kerry
Decorated Vietnam War veteran who lost 2004 presidential election. -
Hurricane Katrina
Natural disaster that hurt many Southern states badly, category 5. -
Great Recession
Had long term effects on unemployment. -
John McCain
Republican nominee for POTUS in 2008 election, which he lost to Barack Obama -
D.C. v Heller
Provisions of District of Columbia Code made it illegal to carry an unregistered firearm and prohibited registration of handguns -
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
Reassured investors who were worried about homeowners defaulting on mortgages -
Barack Obama
American politician who served as forty-fourth POTUS from 2009 to 2017. -
Sarah Palin
American politician, commentator, author, and reality television personality, served as ninth Governor of Alaska -
Sonia Sotomayor
She became US District Court Judge in 1992 and was elevated to US Second Circuit Court of Appeals in 1998 -
Tea Party
Conservative political movement mobilized in opposition to Obama's economic and health care policies. -
Affordable Care Act
Expansion of medicaid, most employers must provide health care insurance, have insurance or face surtax, and prevents rejections -
Citizens United
Sought an injunction against the Federal Election Commission in the US District Courts. -
Dodd-Frank Act
Congress enacted the law that places major regulations on the financial industry -
Arab Spring
Revolutionary wave of protests and demonstrations overtaking dictators in Middle East. -
Syrian Civil War
On going multi-sided armed conflicted in Syria. -
Mitt Romney
Republican nominee for 2012 elections, lost to Obama -
Boston Marathon Bombing
Terrorist attack that took place a short distance from finish line of Boston Marathon -
Shelby County v Holder
Landmark US Supreme Court case regarding the constitutionality of two provisions of the Voting Rights Act. -
Same-Sex Marriage
Same-sex marriage is marriage of a same-sex couple, entered into a civil or religious ceremony. -
Debt Ceiling
Legislative mechanism to limit the amt debt that can be issued by Treasury by limiting money government can borrow.
