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Jamestown
The first English Settlement was Jamestown, which was a cash colony meant to make money for the British Empire. Half colony and half company, 80% original settlers died off in the first 5 years eventually Natives took pity and decided to help them. Got lucky to discover tobacco and England was addicted to tobacco. Setting the stage for more colonies to come, then horrible treatment of natives, the American Revolution, even further on the bright new United States. -
Headright System
A system made to encourage families to move to the New England colonies, It also established indentured servants into the colonies. The document consisted of the points: Settlers that survived Jamestown got 100 acres, New settlers who paid their own way got 50 acres, anyone paying for additional settlers got a additional 50 acres. It worked soon after new settlers started arriving to the new world because land equals opportunity. Population increased, creating more labor diversity. -
American Slavery Begins
Slavery begun in Jamestown VA, slaves start to slowly replace indentured servants system. Southern Slavery typically had large farms or plantations, 5-20 slaves or more, lived in separate quarters, closely managed, and treated harshly. Northern Slavery typically was smaller farms or households, 1-4 slaves, live in & worked in close quarters of families, trusted with more responsibility, and slaves were given more freedoms and less harsh treatment. Setting the stage for the Civil War. -
Plymouth Colony, The Separatist
The Separatist similar to the Puritans instead of staying with the Anglican Church wanted a clean fresh break from the church. Like the Puritans held strict beliefs, and held high value on education. The leader was William Bradford. The separatist Struggled to get new converts and were absorbed by the Puritans. The Mayflower contract was signed by all on aboard, was the first attempt of self government; Separatist were the ones to sign and made it. -
House of Burgesses
First converted in 1619, most activity occurred in 1622. The House could make laws and levy taxes, although the governor and the company council in England could veto its acts. By 1622, established self-government system based on English laws had attracted 4,500 recruits, making the colony permanent. The House of Burgesses was later used to help enforce the navigational acts, and held representatives of the planters in the colonies. -
The Indian War
The influx of immigrants started a conflict with the neighboring Natives. Lead by Opechancanough and twelve native kingdoms. He lead a surprise attack, killing 347 English settlers. The settlers won, and started a perpetual war without peace or truce for a decade. The Indian war, started the strained relationship between settlers and Natives. Decimated the Native population in the area, James 1 then created Virginia to be a royal colony establishing control over the colony. -
Massachusetts Bay Colony, First Puritan Colony
A religious minority from England that left England to practice religion. Landed in Massachusetts, John Winthrop was their leader. The Puritans held strict religious beliefs often outcaste people from their settlements; Therefore restricting the right to religion of others. Puritans placed a high importance on Education, which influences young American policies as Education value was passed down. A example of exiled Puritans was Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson who founded RI. -
Puritan and Pequot War
The Pequots were in allegiance with the Dutch, which soon a problem for New Englanders. Soon violent encounters began, after the encounters a force of militiamen attached a Pequot village. In months followed New Englanders Drove the tribe to extinction. Puritans believing to be God's chosen people, called Natives the devil. The belief of being "God's people" will lead, Colonist believing to have the divine right to land which later on fueled western expansion and Native Removal Acts. -
Mercantilism in the New England Colonies
The Economic Theory and practice of trying to achieve a favorable balance at expense of other nations. England used this to increase economy and have control over the colonies; Mercantilism was: Colonies could only buy goods from England, colonies may not trade good to nations, mandated that colonies goods must be transported on England ships, and promote manufacturing in England. Colonist became smugglers, thieves, and lawbreakers as reaction; Sowing the seeds for a revolution. -
John Locke
John Locke came up with a large amount of the natural rights which are rights that no ruler can take away. Wrote on topics of religious toleration, education, and power of rulers. One influential idea of Locke was "life, liberty, and estate" which in the US constitution is: "life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness". The impact of Locke was sparking the American revolution, because without his idea to challenge the 'divine right to rule" a American Revolution would not have happened. -
Start of The American Enlightenment Movement
Mainly took place in Europe, people began to question the nature of power and rights and where they come from. During the movement we get our thinkers of John Lock and Montesquieu. The impact of the two thinkers is what help motivate the American Revolution, influenced some major constitution writers: Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and John Adams. -
End Of Scientific Revolution
The Scientific revolution began to put a high emphasis on science , logic , reasoning , and education, Which means literacy rates increased largely. So new ideas can take place and move. The impact was high literacy rates means that messages, newspapers, pamphlets can all be read. Which enabled the American Revolution to succeed and take root along with the ideas of who should have power. -
The First Great Awakening
A American movement, the movement was a spiritual reawakening in the American colonies. The movement expressed greater empathies on individual religious experiences. Stating a more personal relationship with god, with many different views of god. Great Awakening preachers taught equality in gods eyes. Preachers like George Whitefield travelled everywhere in the colonies, spreading Christianity. The impact was greater emphasis on Christianity. Which influence early American policy. -
Montesquieu
Montesquieu founded the idea of separation of powers, between three branches of government. Came up with the three types of government Republic, Monarchy, and Despotism. Montesquieu idea of Separation of powers found in Spirit of laws. What founded the core base of our current government; as Separation is what has lead to our three branches. The impact of Montesquieu is monumental, not only founded America. Any country after that has taken America as example, has implemented his ideas. -
Start of 7 years war
The Ohio River valley, had overlapping claims between Britain and France. France worried of British inroads, started building forts along Lake Erie. To reassert British Claims, a expedition was sent out led by Colonel George Washington. After Washington's party fired on a French detachment, a native rushed in and killed a French officer to ensure war. The impact was the declare of war which sparked the 7 year war, Extensive damage to the colonies was a impact; Later Fueling Revolution. -
New Albany Conference
led by Ben Franklin, at the conference the delegates try to discuss about native alliance. The real purpose was a plan for union, how the colonist were going to defend their homes. As the Colonist did not trust that the British would defend their homes. Also talked about forming a common defense; the delegates that opposed won. The impact of the New Albany Conference was planting the seeds of unification. Agreeing members started to communicate, they became the founding fathers. -
American Colonist Involvement in 7 Years War
William Pitt, the main strategist decided to bring the battle to America. Beginning in 1758, Pitt mobilized the colonist by paying half the cost of their troops. The combined force went after victory upon victory. The impact of Pitts decision, was victory for Britain in the 7 years war. Another impact was Colonist having a sense of belonging and citizenship, even though for a short lived moment. -
End of Salutary Neglect
Britain made trade and economic restrictions but didn't strictly enforce the laws. This unwritten policy lasted for 150 years, colonist developed to be independent. As Britain started to enforce the laws, the colonist disliked the end of Salutary Neglect. Britain starts to pass tax acts, along with the quartering act. The impact was Britain sowing the seeds for their own destruction in the American colonies. The colonist increasing get more disgruntle as Britain adds more laws. -
Capturing of Montreal Canada
The final major victory had on American soil during the French and Indian War. British navy blocked France from sending reinforcements, allowing British forces to complete the conquest of Canada. The Battle was crucial for the capture of Quebec in the Americas. The impact was Colonist felt like they were more British with each major victory. Due to the gained national pride is what made Britain opinion more devastating. -
Impact of 7 years war, Britain view
The impacts of the 7 years war, Britain now had war debt. Since the war was fought in the colonies, Britain thought that the colonies had to be made more profitable. As Britain saw the colonist as cowards, self-centered, subservice to the empire. Therefore British troops remained in the colonies to "protect" the colonist. Mainly the troops stayed to enforce new laws made. The impact was growing tensions between the British and colonist. As tensions grew, the colony got closer to war. -
Impact of 7 years war, American Colonist View
The colonist believed, they contributed greatly to the war. The colonist hoped to be seen and treated as equals with the Britain. The colonist were also overjoyed with the prospect that the west would be open. Years prior to the war the Parliament ignored the colonist which left the colonist feeling unequal...Once the war ended the Parliament ignored the colonist. The impact of national pride help the colonist stay loyal, once their was no representation that loyalty faltered. -
Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation stated, no expansion past the Appalachian mountains. Britain had abundance concern of Indians and war, so Britain declared no one could move west; Americans respond by going west anyway. The impact of the Proclamation was American defiance and Britain starting to be angered by the colonist actions. Britain then started enforcing the Proclamation, which then led to the colonist becoming angered. There after, a game of cat and mouse ensued. -
Treaty of Paris 1763
In sense of American importance the Treaty ended fighting for the French Indian war; its also gave Britain all of French territory in North America. To get back at Britain, France gave Louisiana territory to Spain. The growing power of Britain worried local Native Americans. The impact was when making the Louisiana Purchase, America had to buy from France. Along with Native attacks and worry of war in Britain, which led to the proclamation of 1763. -
Molasses Act 1764
Raises Taxes extremely high on sugar and sweeteners. High enough taxes that Americans start to smuggle and create a black market for molasses. The act was passed without colonist representation, acts passed like this one further angered colonist. The next act, passed was the sugar act lowering taxes, but colonist still smuggled. Each new act that passed the colonist were angered even more. Eventually that angered turned into revolution. -
Sugar Act 1764
Lowered the tax on sugar, Britain hoped it would stop the colonist from smuggling. The colonist did not stop smuggling, because of taxation without representation. The impact was Britain becoming angered at the colonist which help motivate the quartering. The act added fuel to the fire, as the act motivated Colonist to keep smuggling goods into the americas. -
Quartering Act of 1765
A act that forced Americans to house and feed British troops. Puts a huge financial burden and lost of privacy. As the troops would keep tabs on the colonist. The impact, was the colonist being outraged at the crown. Now colonist could not meet in gatherings even basic meetings like churches. This act is what help sealed Britain fate for revolution. -
Samuel Adams
Adams was a failed business man, as he is terrible with money. Adams grew to despise the British and spoke loudly and to anyone that would listen to his opinion. Adams was a Propagandist and political activist who helped organized the Sons of Liberty and the public display of resistance. Adams was the public face, impact was sparking the American revolution. He was the mouthpiece of the revolution. Adams started the ball rolling to stir the colonist into action. -
John Hancock
John Hancock was a popular, wealthy merchant and smuggler who help founded the organization Sons of Liberty. Hancock was the money manager of Sons of Liberty, he provided the funds. The impact of John Hancock was, Sons of Liberty therefore American Revolution. Without the Sons of Liberty their would have been no American Revolution. Without Hancock their would have been no Sons of Liberty. -
Stamp act of 1765
The act made all legal documents have a stamp. Cost money to put said stamp on the document/s, mainly affects the wealthy and middle classes. The impact of the stamp act was it got the wealthy on board with revolution. As prior to the stamp act it was the lower class and some middle class people who were all in for revolution. Once the wealthy got involved they used their influence to spread the revolution. After the stamp act we start to see revolutionary activity increase. -
Daughters of Liberty
The Daughters of Liberty formed during the time of high taxes and when the quartering act was in effect. The main duty was to support the men in their efforts to boycott goods. One very famous boycott was homespun clothes, another was Liberty tea. A few daughters, went to the war by disguising as men. The women also gave the sons ideas to rebel, like the Boston tea party. The impact of the Daughters was the British lost large amounts of money due to these boycotts and rebellions. -
Steam Engine
First invented by Thomas Savory and James Watt, The steam engine is able to power mechanical equipment using steam. This revolutionized the world, as the steam engine lead to the making of factory machinery, trains, steam boats, and eventually the car engine was based off of the steam engine. In conclusion the steam engine was foundational to the development of America and her economy. -
Boston Massacre
Soldiers and Guards sent to guard the Boston Customs House. Ordered to not fire and not react towards the crowd forming. The crowd starts to insult the unit then starts to throw snowballs, increasingly violent. Soldiers open fire on the crowd, 5 colonist die 1 of 5 was a free black man. The impact was that the revolution uses this event to make propaganda; The propaganda made the soldiers look like monsters. This stirs up the colonies, and creates more support for revolution. -
Boston Tea Party
Another tax was put on tea, the colonist were upset. Samuel Adams and the SOL are drinking at a bar. Then decide to take their shirts off and pretend to be Indians. The band, destroys thousands of dollars of tea, equating to 5 million dollars worth of tea. The impact was a huge lost for the East Indian tea company and a huge loss of money for Britain. Britain is livid, Britain then start making and passing the Intolerable acts. -
Intolerable Acts
The Acts were punishment to Boston for all of the rebellious actions. The main points of the acts were: closed the port of Boston, outlawed assemblies, full control of colony government; rogue officials charge with a crime were tried in England, Quartering Act enforced, trade is regulated, and high taxes are enacted. The impact was half the colonist screaming for blood and the other half wanting peace. Delegates meet up to decide between war or making a apology. -
Patrick Henry
Henry was a delegate of Virginia legislator, he creates the Virginia resources. He was one of the greatest lawyers in Virginia, was able to convince the court that his client action was just. Henry was best known for his speech "give me liberty or death". He gave the speech during the Virginia convention. The impact of the speech was it help stirred the wealthy plantation owners of Virginia into action, convinced Virginia to take arms and make a militia. -
The Battles of Lexington and Concord (2)
Outnumbered and outmatch, all the sudden a shot was fired, which caused the British to open fire. 700 British open fire on 70 militia men, 17 are injured the rest fled. The militia men raised the alarm, when the British arrived to Concord, all weapons had been removed. The British were then faced with 1500 militiamen, who harassed them all the way to Boston . Over 250 British were killed or wounded. The impact was, War begun in the colonies. Inspired by U.S, revolution begun worldwide. -
The Battles of Lexington and Concord (1)
The colonist had been preparing for war, storing weapons, ammo, and even some cannons. British spies inform the British Soldiers of the weapons and to seize them. Brits also learned that Adams and Hancock were staying in a town called Lexington; Which was in route to Concord. Revolutionary spies see the soldiers moving in darkness, they attempt to raise the alarm. Brits arrive at Lexington and see that Adams and Hancock had escaped. Their on the greens was 70 minute men outnumbered... -
2nd Continental Congress
The delegates meet up once again, presided by Samuel Adams and John Hancock. Two sides were present the Conservationist, wanted a relationship with Great Britain and peace. They were the ones in charge of the olive branch idea. Radicals, wanted support for revolution and independence. The conservationist won this round, the Olive Branch Petition was written. The impact was the Olive Branch and King George denning to read it; which then led the colonist to more war.Then finally freedom. -
Olive Branch Petition
The Olive branch, was a peace letter to the king. The letter was asking for representation and limited taxing on the colonist. The delegates agreed on staying apart of England if their demands were met. The King rejects the letter, the rebel delegates win. The impact was the rebels getting ready for war, and the militia becoming more active. Soon following was the Battles of Lexington and Concord. -
Common Sense Thomas Paine
After intense fighting around Boston, Paine writes "Common sense". Common sense is a propaganda piece, that lays out a case for independence. The work is written in common language, so then many people are able to read the work. The impact was more people joined the army, to go a fight independence. Along with more people supporting the idea of independence. -
Declaration of American Independence
The delegates charged Thomas Jefferson and others with the writing of the declaration. Jefferson wrote the first draft, the body of delegates made revisions and voted on it. Even though imperfect Thomas stated all men were equal, government was meant to serve its people. Soon appointed a general to lead, a army, printing paper, and organize a committee to deal with foreign nations. The impact was the organization of the revolution, American spirt was born, as the document inspires people today. -
Battles of Saratoga
After defeat and defeat, the Battles of Saratoga represent a turning point in the war. British Gen. John Burgoyne and his army plans to move south where he will meet up with the two other British armies; face the continental army. Continental army knows the area, so only Burgoyne is their and two home armies. Home army, wins due to knowing the area because Burgoyne's army is stuck in the swampy marsh lands.... -
Impact of Battles of Saratoga
The impacts of the Battles of Saratoga, was a major moral boost for the continental army. The battles also convinced France to get involved with the war, as the French were crucial to winning the American Revolution. The battle also help level the playing field as now their is only 3 British armies versus 3 continental armies. -
French Involvement in the American Revolution
Benjamin Franklin had been in France trying to get French support and ally for the war. The French, wanted revenge on the British for the 7 years war, but was not sure if the colonist would win until the Battles of Saratoga. France finally agreed to send troops and their navy to the Americas. The impact of the French, was the winning of the war, securing American independence, one of the first trade partners, and secured healthy allegiance that last to present day. -
Articles of confederation
The Articles were the US first attempt at government, the articles reflected the colonist fear of Great Britain. The articles consisted of: congress did not have the power to tax, collect tax, or regulate trade; No executive or judicial branch were present. Finally every state had a militia but the US could not foster up a combined force. -
Battles of Yorktown
After a grueling campaign through the southern colonies, General Cornwallis was retreating to the coast of Virginia. Unaware to Cornwallis, the French navy had arrived. Cornwallis was surrounded by the French and American army, Cornwallis surrendered on Oct.20, 1781; major fighting ended for the revolutionary war. The impact was American Independence, French allies, and the treaty of Paris; Years later the US does not honor the treat of Paris, states neutrality when the French revolution is on. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris Officially ends the revolutionary war. The new United States of America, are granted all lands from the Atlantic to the Mississippi river. Past the Mississippi is Spain, which then leads to the Jay treaty. Jefferson worries, which then leads to the Louisiana Purchase. The impact was future territory purchases, American outcry for not honoring the treaty, western expansion, then later on factory and canal building for industry in the north. -
Shays Rebellion
In Massachusetts, Soldiers were not getting paid for their service in the American Revolution. Daniel Shay is upset about not being paid so he starts a rebellion. Marches on the courthouse, possibly destroys the courthouse. Private businesses hire an army and take down the rebellion. The fact that Private businesses got an army is what disturbs the colonist and disturbs people to this day. The impact was the articles of confederation were reconstructed which lead to our current constitution. -
Northwest Ordinance
Splits up the Northwest into 5 new territories, once a certain population amount was reached the territories could apply for statehood. Each Town had to set aside land for public schools, outlawed slaves and slavery in the new territories. The impact, was the set up of future consequences, one being the Civil war, another the North was more industrialized than the south. Along with increased agriculture opportunities which lead to higher population amount as their was a surplus of food. -
Steam Boat
In 1787, John Fitch demonstrated a working model of the steamboat concept on the Delaware River. The first truly successful design appeared two decades later. It was built by Robert Fulton with the assistance of Robert R. Livingston, the former U.S. minister to France. Fulton’s craft, the Clermont, made its first voyage in August of 1807, sailing up the Hudson River from New York City to Albany, New York, at an impressive speed of eight kilometers (five miles) per hour. -
Drafting and ratifying the Constitution (1)
The delegates disagreed on how to build and operate a government along with representation of each colony. One group wanted Strong central government, the other group feared a powerful gov; wanted a state government and supported a bill of rights. Two plans were proposed: Virginia plan, was representation based on population including slaves. New Jersey plan was Equal representation for each colony. Eventually a compromise had to emerge.... -
Drafting and Ratifying the Constitution (2)
The Connecticut compromise was made, consisted of: 2 houses of congress the senate with equal representation, 2 votes per state and the house of representatives was population based. Next was the 3/5ths compromise, stated: Slaves counted towards the total population, not as person as 3/5ths of a person. Of course executive and judicial branch was made. The impact was our two houses in congress were made, our 3 branches of government were established, unfortunately a incentive to keep slavery. -
George Washington First President
The new US government needed a president, but had no time for a election. The delegates then decide to vote on a president, the delegates decide on George Washington. Washington establishes the first cabinet and sets other precedents; two terms precedent, Cabinet, and inaugural address. The impact of Washington was setting the stage for future presidents behavior, diplomacy, terms served and shows what voters should look for in a president. -
First Presidential Cabinet
Washington knew he was not a expert in everything, he established 4 cabinets. The secretary of war, secretary of state, secretary of treasury, and the attorney general. His secretary of state was Jefferson and his secretary of treasury was Hamilton; the two cabinet members had great influence. The impact of the cabinet is today, it helps the president make decisions, the cabinet helps keep the government stable and strong. The cabinet also gives the public peace of mind, when powers change. -
Hamilton Financial Plan
The goal of Hamilton plan was to pay off war debts, and raise money for the gov. Hamilton's plan consist of: assumption of the states debts, tariffs, taxes, and create a national bank. The impact was the gov. gaining strength in a vulnerable time, along with the start of paying off the debt from the American revolution. A national bank was created which will become center stage in later years. Tariffs and taxes help raise money for a fragile government, and help protect the growth of business. -
The French Revolution
The French revolution was a rocky road, France asked if the U.S would honor their treaty and help them in the revolution. One of the cosigners was the French monarchy, it was a decision between the rebels or monarchy whose head is in a basket. Jefferson says to help because of trust, Hamilton says we are too young and fragile of a nation to help. The U.S claims neutrality, not siding with either side. The impact was American public outcry and U.S focusing on building and industry at this time. -
The Whiskey Rebellion
Hamilton plan had put a tax on whiskey, where the wealthy pay a amount once, lower classes had to pay 10-20 cents a gallon. Whiskey would also make good money for the farmers, as whiskey was used everyday. Farmers were angry and refused to pay the task until the U.S army enforces the tax. Washington takes his army out, orders cannons to fire but miss. The impact was the U.S gov, proving its strength, the tax being changed, and Washington was the only president to go out in battle. -
The Cotton Gin
Invented by Eli Whitney, as Whitney lived with a widow that had a cotton farm. Cotton contains seeds that had to be painfully picked out. The Cotton gin removed seeds via hand cranked comb structures; The invention made cotton profitable and changed the southern part of America forever. More slaves were needed to maintain, the crops and process the cotton. In conclusion the cotton gin changed America forever, demographically, economically, and morally. -
Pinckeys treaty
The treaty was signed with Pres. Washington with Spain. Spain gave the Americas the right to travel freely on the Missippi river and use the port of New Orleans. Jefferson saw it as a band aid to a future problem and worried. In conclusion, Jefferson would wrestle with this issue for years. Which motivated Jefferson, when he became president to make the Louisiana Purchase. -
John Adams
John Adams ran against Thomas Jefferson, and won as the majority of the population was up north due to industrial cities forming. John Adams also had a lot of influence in the northern section, due to his time as a attorney. He was also apart of the federalist party, he was also the last federalist president. His Vice president was Thomas Jefferson. While in office many scandals and questionable acts were passed. Therefore led to Adams being the last federalist president. -
XYZ affair
In order to regain relations with France after refusing to come to their aid during the French Revolution. Adams sends diplomats to negotiate a treaty, the French demand a bride of $250,000 dollars to negotiate. It leaked to the press and America was furious and demanded war. Meanwhile the American diplomats refused to pay; Adams avoided war by negotiating peace with Napoleon. The affair made Adams very unpopular, which lead to a messy election and aided Jefferson's win after John Adams term. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
Passed under Adams term during his reelection year. The alien act allowed the president to deport any Alien he saw as dangerous. Sedition Act made it illegal for newspaper to print any material that is critical of the president or congress. Migration was oppressed because they could be anti-federalist. The acts limited free speech, made jail time for critizing the government. Adams party set a expiration date on the law so they could be the only ones to use it. -
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Injustice by the laws, some states began to review the acts and decided to nullify the laws. The Kentucky and Virginia resolution stated that since the constitution was a "pact" between the states and the federal gov. If the gov broke the "pact, the states could decide that those laws were void in their states. In conclusion the alien sedition acts, were then reversed. -
The Jefferson Presidency
Jefferson's presidency was the end of the federalist era, he was a strict constructionist while past presidents have been lose constructionist. Jefferson during his presidency, set a Embargo Act on European goods due to pirates. Jefferson also responsible for the LA purchase, and the famous Louis and Clark exploration. In conclusion Jefferson's legacy last with the LA purchase and exploration of Louis and Clark. -
Midnight Judges
The election of 1800 was a messy transition of power. Not by war, but by political moves due to the two party system. John Adams did not want to leave office, but lost to Jefferson in the election. In order to make Jefferson time harder, he instated several new Judges in the judicial branch at midnight the day before Jefferson took office. The Judiciary Act of 1801 was repealed in 1802, as the appointment of judges at anytime would open a can of worms and utter chaos. -
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson worried that the U.S could lose access to New Orleans and the Mississippi River. As the Pinkerton treaty was signed with Spain who at the time was a empire. In 1803 he sends James Monroe to negotiate with Napoleon; wasn't interested unless We took the whole Louisiana Territory for $15mm. Jefferson debated on the subject as he was a strict constructionist, as the constitution had no guidelines for buying territory. In conclusion Jefferson sets aside his belief, purchased the land. -
Marbury V Madison
James Madison, a member of Jefferson's cabinet, finds the letter granting John Marbury a federal judgeship. Jefferson orders Madison not to deliver the letter to Marbury. Marbury sues Madison in order to get the position he feels he deserves. The Supreme Court sides with Madison as refuses to grant Marbury the position based on the fact that they find part of the Judiciary Act unconstitutional and there for void. In doing so, the Supreme Court claims the right of "Judicial Review" -
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Jefferson Sent out two Explorers, which were tasked in finding a waterway to the pacific, begin trade relations, Bring local fauna and wildlife. Along with exploring the territory, maps of the different regions. The expedition failed to find a waterway to the pacific but produced hundreds of invaluable maps, and brought back over 300 different specimens of wildlife. In conclusion the expedition strengthen Americas western claim to the land, and produced scientific findings of the land. -
Embargo of 1807
During Jefferson's Presidency Great Britain and France were at war again. America finally has decent trading relations with both countries, decides to remain neutral. In order to do so, Jefferson places a embargo on both countries. The embargo is unpopular with many merchants, and the business community, does great damage to America's economy. However the embargo encouraged the growth of domestic manufacturing. After the war, American emerged as a trading and manufacturing powerhouse. -
James Madison
James Madison a founding father, known for his private role in drafting and writing the constitution. In 1809 election becomes president of the United States, he is responsible for leading the United States in the war of 1812. The U.S military was poorly trained, led, and the U.S navy is no match for British navy. American Forces attempted to seize Canada but only make small gains. The army had many defeats but with some good victory's led to The Era of Good feeling. -
Causes of The War of 1812
The causes of U.S involvement in the 1812 were, Britain imprisoning American Sailors, and Britain is supporting Native American Resistance. The major reason was imprisoning American Sailors, as not only were soldiers being imprisoned but also American Sailors on Merchant ships. Which effected Americas economy, safety on the sea, and trade. In conclusion James Madison had no choice but to declare war on Britain in June 17, 1812. -
Battle of Thame
On October 5th, British and Indian forces were defeated by American Forces. During the battle Tecumseh dies, which ends native resistance. The army went on to destroy Prophets town which caused more people to go west. The victory gave more morale to the army and American people, which help support the war effort. With Tecumseh death, Indian resistance ended in the Ohio river valley. People began to move West and live on Indian land, as more farms popped up; Americas agriculture began to form. -
The White House Burns
In August, the British Army invades the U.S and marches on Washington D.C. After a brief fight the city surrenders and nearly all government buildings are razed. Usually when a nations capital is capture, the nation then surrenders. The United States never surrendered to Britain and instead America rallied behind defeating the British. Washington was eventually rebuilt, the burning of D.C though. Impacted the British negatively as at the battle of Fort McHenry, the tide of the war changed. -
The Treaty of Ghent
The treaty ended fighting between the U.S and Britain. The treaty took effect in February that year. Communication though was slow, even though a treaty was signed Units of both sides had no received a cease fire; fighting continued. The effect was the battle of New Orleans took place which caused Andrew Jackson to become famous. Andrew Jackson becoming famous was horrible because after the war of 1812 he became president in 1824. -
Battle of Fort McHenry
The Battle of Fort Mc Henry, was the last "official" battle in the U.S. A year later Britain and the U.S signed a treaty. After Britain Burned the capital, America had renew interest in the war effort. Once the British arrived to Baltimore they were met with larger American forces. The British lost the battle, with tremendous Causalities. Francis Scott Key got inspired by the battle and wrote the Star Spangled Banner. The effect was Britain ending fighting in the U.S and our national anthem. -
Star Spangle Banner
Francis Scott Key, a prisoner on a British barge witnessed the British bombardment of Fort McHenery, near Baltimore for 12 hours. In the morning he observed the grounds of the battle field and noticed that the American flag was still standing tall. He deicides to write a poem known as "The Defense of Fort McHenery". People started to sing the poem more than just read it, thus turning it into a song. It was then later renamed "The Star Spangled Banner" and became our national anthem. -
The Hartford Convention
Several New England states feared that the war was lost and actually talked about becoming a new country that was stil loyal to England. This doesn't necessarily do a whole lot due to the fact that the Treaty of Ghent was already signed by the time this meeting was called, just no one knew about it until a few months after he treaty was signed. The plan was never fully executed and the meeting itself was practically pointless. -
The Impact of 1812
A sense of nationalism sweeps across America. Nationalism is the belief and sense of pride in one's country based on its achievements. The nation will embark on foreign trade and begin to build a transportation system in the US. Native American resistance will be removed from the Ohio River Valley. America gains international respect as an outcome of this war due to us being able to beat the worlds greatest army to a virtual standstill. -
The Battle Of New Orleans
U.S. victory against Great Britain in the War of 1812 and the final major battle of the war. Both British and American troops were unaware of the peace treaty that had been signed between the two countries in Ghent, Belgium, a few weeks prior, and so the Battle of New Orleans occurred despite the agreements made across the Atlantic. The general of the US army that lead to our victory was Andrew Jackson, who later became a hero of our country because of this battle. -
James Monroe
James was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, in 1758. Monroe attended the College of William and Mary, fought with distinction in the Continental Army and practiced law in Fredericksburg. He joined the anti-federalist in the Virginia Convention which ratified the constitution and in 1790 was elected United States Senator. He was a Minister in France, displaying strong sympathies for the French cause; later he helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase. He was also the 5th President of the US. -
The Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine is the best known US policy toward the Western Hemisphere. Buried in a routine annual message delivered to Congress by President James Monroe in December, 1823. The Doctrine warns European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs. The doctrine was conceived to meet major concerns of the moment, but it soon became a watchword of US policy in the Western Hemisphere. This is practically a letter to England that says "Screw off". -
The Corrupt Bargain
Adams ask for a private meeting with the speaker of the house, Henery Clay. No one knows what was said during the meeting nor what happened during it as no one was able to record it or listen in on what happened, although there was something off about the meeting. A few days later, Adams is elected as president after the house enters their vote. Adams then goes on to appoint Clay as the Secretary of State. Jackson's party did not like this at all. This later became known as "The Corrupt Bargain" -
Election of 1824
Henery Clay, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson and Crawford all participated in the election of 1824. As the election goes on, Crawford dies due to old age. Henery Clay also leaves the race as he is already the speaker of the house and feels as if he does not need to be in a higher position. This leaves Adams and Jackson running against each other. Neither candidate ends up getting the majority rule in the end, the according to the 12th amendment, the vote was up to the house of representatives. -
John Quincy Adams
The first president who was the son of a president, John Quincy Adams in many respects paralleled the career as well as the temperament and viewpoints of his illustrious father. Born in Braintree, Massachusetts, in 1767. As a secretary to his father in Europe, he became an accomplished linguist and assiduous diarist. Adams was a secretary of state, helped obtain Florida from the Spanish and helped create the Monroe Doctrine. Above all, he became the 6th president of the united states. -
Tariff of Abominations
The tariff of 1828, better known as the tariff of abominations, passed the House of Representatives, 105 to 94, in 1828. The tariff sought to protect northern and western agricultural products from competition with foreign imports; however, the resulting tax on foreign goods would raise the cost of living in the south and would cut into profits of New England's industries. This was a really good idea for the people in the north, but it completely killed marketing and trade in the south. -
The Election of 1828
The campaign of 1828 was a crucial event in a period that saw the creation of a two-party system(ironic) akin to our modern system. Presidential electioneering bearing a closer resemblance to modern political campaigning and the strengthening of the power of the executive branch. As for the participants and tallies, this was just one big rematch if the election of 1824. This time, Andrew Jackson ended up winning against John Quincy Adams and became president. -
The Spoils System
This was created by President Andrew Jackson. It was created with the idea that he could fill the government with people that supported him and with more common folk so that jobs could be more equal. So, over 200 people lost their jobs in government and was replaced by a supporter of Jackson. Critics did not like this from Jackson. The idea of making jobs more equal and giving more people a chance was good, but he filled the government with people with don't know what they are doing is the issue -
Andrew Jackson
Born in the backwoods settlement in the Carolinas in 1767, he received sporadic education, but in his late teens he read law for about two years and he became a young lawyer in Tennessee. Jackson proposed sufficiently to buy slaves and to build a mansion near Nashville. He was the first man elected form Tennessee to the House of Representatives, and he served briefly in the Senate. He was also our 7th president. He served as a general during the war of 1812 and lead the battle in New Orleans. -
Steam Train (U.S)
The steam engine train was massive technological improvement in its time. Created in the US in 1830, this was a new way for people to transport many things faster and more efficiently. The first railroad was built in South Carolina by the West Point Foundry Association of New York Coty. People used this to transport goods such as mail, coal, food, clothing, materials and even people. This made traveling across the US much much easier and you could carry even more things. -
The Reaper
Created by Cyrus McCormick, the reaper revolutionizes the way we harvest wheat and other grains. The machine was able to do the work of many men very quickly. It was made in 1831 and consist of a two-wheeled, horse drawn chariot with a vibrating cutting blade. A reel would bring the grain within its reach, cut it off, then fall on to a platform to then be collected later on. This became the foundation to all grain cutting machines that we have today. -
The Liberator
The Liberator was published in 1831. Created by William Lloyd Garrison, this was a newspaper that mentioned multiple topics on regards to abolitionism(Anti-Slavery). Southerners who read this paper completely despised it. They hated William for creating these papers so much that they started to send death threats to him. They even went as far as to burn down his printing presses so that he couldn't make more. Although, William didn't care for the mob and kept on writing more and more papers. -
Nullification Crisis
The nullification crisis confrontation between the state of South Carolina and the federal government in 1832-1833 over the former's attempt to declare null and void within the state the federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. The resolution of the nullification crisis in favor of the federal government helped to undermine the nullification doctrine, the theory that upheld the right of states to nullify federal acts within their boundaries. South Carolina pressed the tariff if 1828 as void. -
The Battle of the Alamo
Mexican force numbering in the thousands, led by General Antonio de Santa Anna, began a siege of the fort in Texas. Though vastly outnumbered, the Alamo's 200 defenders commanded by James Bowie, William Travis and famous Davy Crockett held out for 13 days before the Mexican forces finally overpowered them. For Texans, the Battle of the Alamo became a enduring symbol of their resistance to oppression and their struggle for independence, which they won later that year. -
The Battle of San Jacinto
Citizens of the new Republic of Texas responded to the destruction of the Alamo and massacre of the unarmed Texans captured at Goliad with outrage. Volunteer companies rushed to join General Samuel Huston's growing Texas Army. Mexican General Santa Anna marched his army to crush the Texan Rebels. Within 24 hours, some 600 Mexicans had been killed and more then 700 captured. Nine of Huston's men had been killed or mortally wounded. and about 30 wounded less seriously in this heavily lopsided war. -
The Schism
This was a convention that was founded upon the fact of Abolitionism(Anti-Slavery). This meeting in particular was about women being able to vote for abolishment. The men did not allow this to happen while at the meeting and the ladies were only there to spectate what happens. The speaker, William Garrison, refused to speak during the meeting until the women were allowed to vote. At one point William goes missing and they find him up in the rafters with the women. -
Telegraph
Samuel Morse creates the telegraph, allowing messages to be sent through a wire that can quickly reach to any destination you choose across the country. Samuel also created what is known as "Morse Code": a sequence of dots and dashes that was used to communicate via telegraph. The US postal service would link every area of the nation and becomes the envy of the world. This allows not only commercial communication, but also facilities personal correspondence. -
Sewing Machine
Invented by Elias Howe and later perfected on by Thomas Singer in 1846, the sewing machine was the foundation of new textile industry in the north. Although, Elias was the first to make the lockstitch sewing machine. Barthelemy Thimonnier, a French tailor, created the first working sewing machine in 1830. This used a hook and thread to create a stitch pattern in cloth. Howe's version of the sewing machine was mostly used as a way to up the production of textile industries in the united states. -
Start of the Mexican American War
The Mexican Government wanted more people to live in the territory that is now a days Texas. So, they allowed Americans to come to the territory under one condition, they had to convert to contholism. Americans didn't really listen to the government and continued on by living there. This made the government angry and on top of this, the territory was starting to become full. Mexican government asked Americans to stop coming, but more just started to come. Government had enough and declared war. -
The Battle of Palo Alto
On May 8, 1846, shortly before the United States formally declared war on Mexico, General Zachary Taylor defeated a superior Mexican force in the Battle of Palo Alto. The Battle took place north of the Rio Grande River near present day Brownsville, Texas. Americans won this battle in the end along with a series of subsequent victories against the Mexican Army. Taylor became a national war hero and in 1848, he was elected as the 12th president of the United States, -
The North Star
The North Star was published in 1847 by a man named Fredrick Douglas. Fredrick was a slave who was very intelligent. He was able to read and write English pretty well. On top of that, he was self taught. He wrote a newspaper known as "The North Star". It is a paper about anti-slavery movements. The title was chosen as "The North Star" because it is talking about Polaris(The North Star) and tells escaped slaves who read it to follow the north star so they can find freedom. -
Woman's Suffrage
The women's suffrage movement was a decades long fight to win the right to vote for women in the United States. It took activist and reformers nearly 100 years to win the right and the campaign was not easy. On August 18th, 1920, the 19th Amendment was added into the constitution, giving the right to vote for women. This entire crusade lasted from 1848 to 1920. Some leaders of the movements were: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucretia Mott. -
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed on February 2, 1848, at Guadalupe Hidalgo, a city north of the capital of Mexico where the Mexican Government fled with the advance of US forces. By its terms, Mexico gave us 55% of its territory, including parts of Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Nevada and Utah to the United States. Mexico relinquished all claims to Texas and recognized the Rio Grande as the southern boundary with the United States.
