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Period: 500 to 1500
Feudalism in Europe
Feudalism in Europe was a land ownership system and ranking class. A structured society was set up through feudalism and was based on relationships through usage of land in exchange for labor. Kings divided up land to their lords or nobles as fiefs. The Bubonic plaque caused feudalism to decline quicker because political positions changed during these unknown times. -
Period: 618 to 1279
Tang and Song Dynasties
These two Dynasties are often called The China's Golden Age. First came the Tang Dynasty that was from 618 to 960. This was known as the time for new reforms and cultural achievements. A surprising fact was that women were treated equally compared to men and were able to achieve government held positions. The Song Dynasty came next and was from 960 to 1279. They were defeated in 1279 by the Mongols and numerous inventions were made during this Dynasty. -
Period: 750 to 1517
Abbasid Caliphate
Islamic culture was led by the Abbasid Caliphate for many centuries. Multiple achievements and developments were made under the Abbasid Caliphate rule during the "golden age". This time was also referenced as the "golden age".The Mongol Empire caused the long period of stability, innovation, and trade to end. -
Period: 1206 to 1526
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate ruled over India from 1206 to 1526. The Delhi Sultanate rule brought Islam to India and lasted after the Delhi Sultanate rule. It consisted of five dynasties and Islam was strongly forced on Hindu India at the beginning of the time period during the Delhi Sultanate. The Delhi Sultanate became more lenient over time. -
Period: 1206 to 1368
The Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire improved roads and safety on the Silk Roads. This allowed trade to be safer and land based trade systems to improve. Saddles were invented to make travel with a camel to be more efficient. A peaceful time during the Mongol Empire is know as the Pax Mongolica. Mongols helped spread the plaque because of trade and caused walled cities to diminish. -
Period: 1235 to
Mali Empire
West Africa was were the Mali Empire was located at. This Empire drastically impacted the surrounding areas culture along with becoming the largest empire in West Africa. Salt and gold were some of the biggest contributors to the large amount of wealth along with the pilgrimage Mansa Musa made. However the empire began to slowly fall apart after the death of Mansa Musa. -
Period: 1271 to 1368
Yuan Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty was founded by Genghis Khan and was ruled by Kublai. It was the first dynasty in china that was foreign-led. It was set up with a centralized bureaucracy and with a taxation system. It was also the very first dynasty to make its capital Beijing. It extended the foreign trade system. -
Period: 1299 to
Ottoman Empire
Osman dynasty was the creator of the Ottoman Empire and it was the longest lasting empire. Tanzimat and Mahmud' reforms were used during thistle period to help stay in power and advance trade. The city of Istanbul(Constantinople) was the center of arts and learning. Multiple events eventually caused the Ottoman Empire to fall. Russian expansion weakened the empire in the 19th century. -
Period: 1300 to
The European Renaissance
The European Renaissance allowed a rise in the middle class and expanded trade. It is often characterized as a revival in Greek and Roman arts. Humanism was a new concept that came from the European Renaissance, which involved focusing on individuals rather than God. The printing press allowed for a growth in ideas and literacy during this time. -
Period: 1346 to 1350
Bubonic Plague
This disease also known as the Black Death was very fatal to the population. It caused people to flee their homes in fear of their safety. This disease was transmitted by fleas ,which lived on animals. This disease spread faster through trade. It decimated about one third of Europe. -
Period: 1368 to
Ming Dynasty
The Yuan dynasty was overthrown by the Ming Dynasty. This was significant because they were the first dynasty to ever overthrow the mongols and they vastly changed the culture of the land. The emperor Hongwu destroyed the Mongol culture and set up new law codes that promoted Confucianism. The Ming Dynasty expanded the walls of China to keep opposers out along with bringing back civil exams and foot binding. -
Period: 1415 to
Portuguese Trading Post Empire
Trading ports from Africa to India were controlled under this empire. They were able to control the ports by forcing duties to be paid by merchants. Safe conduct passes were also forced to be bought to pass through the post. They also limited luxury goods like ivory, gold, and spices to foreign merchants. They also took control of Swahili city states in West Africa. -
Period: 1419 to 1507
Age of Exploration
European countries in search of finding new trading routes and allies was described as the Age of Exploration. The three g's known as god, gold, and glory were often the ideology behind the exploration. The countries were all In competition to see who could gain the most wealth by exploring along with spreading their religious beliefs along the way. Disease was a negative effect of the exploration that was spread to the people. -
Period: 1428 to 1533
Mesoamerican Empires
Central Mexico was the home to the Aztec Empire. Cultivation and irrigation were some of the main areas that the Aztecs greatly improved. They are commonly known for their human sacrifice to the sun god. Peruvian highlands was the home to the Inca Empire and they highly developed architecture like roads and walls. European diseases however caused the population to greatly decrease. -
Period: 1492 to
Spanish Colonial Empire
Compasses, astrolabes, caravels, lateen sails, and cartography were some of the innovations during the time period. These inventions allowed sailing to become easier and allowed long distance exploration. This allowed the empire to transform to a maritime empire focused on attaining wealth, control ,and spreading their religion. Long distance trade and vast colonization were the effects of the Spanish Colonial exploration. -
Period: 1502 to
Atlantic Slave Trade
Profit in European sugar markets caused the number of Africans sold in the Slave Trade to increase. South America and the Caribbean were some of the locations that needed slave labor to cultivate the sugar. The trade of Africans caused there to be a large number of Africans to be in the Americas. African slaves worked in horrible conditions, which caused many of them to die. -
Period: 1517 to
The Reformation
Europe was the home of the Reformation. The Catholic Church became greedy and corrupt after the Black Plaque. The church would forgive the Europeans sins in return for money and this was challenged by the Reformation. 95 Theses written by Martin Luther started the Reformation and created many different branches of Christianity. -
Period: 1526 to
Mughal Empire
Northern and Southern parts of the Delhi Sultanate were conquered by the Mughal Empire. Trade networks from the Indian Ocean and Silk Road were highly successful during this time period. Culture and Arts prospered in this period and gunpowder was used to stay in power. However corruption and failure to compete with opposing militaries led to the decline of the Mughal Empire. -
Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
The Tokugawa Shogunate had a very strong central government and was located in Japan. The daimyo and emperor were controlled by the Tokugawa Shogunate. It also helped unite the people and bring peace to the nation. The influx of foreign ideas would lead to the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate. -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty followed the Ming dynasty after its fall and was the last dynasty to tule China. Civil service exams and bureaucracy remained during the Qing dynasty along with the confucianism practices. The Manchu culture was spread throughout China during this time period along with peace. Central Asia and Tibet were some of the locations of the new territories. -
Period: to
The Enlightenment
A shift in thinking was often used to describe the time period known as the Enlightenment. Ideas from the Scientific Revolution and Renaissance caused the Enlightenment. Liberty, equality, reason, nationalism, and happiness were some of the new ideas during this time period. Revolutions were an effect of the clash of these ideas. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial was a result of Enlightenment ideas. The Enclosure movement ,which was the act of enclosing lands wit fences started the revolution. The land was then experimented with to try to make production more efficient. The seed drill, spinning Jenny, and cotton gin were some of the most known inventions during this time period. Urbanization was an effect of the Industrial Revolution -
Period: to
American Revolution
The British highly taxed the colonists after the war to help repay the war debt. This angered the colonist because they that they didn't have any say in the way society was run ,but they had to pay high taxes. A common phrase used was no taxation without representation. The colonist eventually stared the American Revolution in 1775 and eventually won. The Declaration of Independence was later signed to provide the colonists with the right of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. -
Period: to
French Revolution
Enlightenment ideas inspired this revolution along with the American Revolution. The French were tired of Royal control and wanted to create an independent society. The National Assembly was created along with a declaration of rights in hopes of overthrowing the monarchy. The French and British soon were battling against each other. The French were victorious in the end. -
Period: to
Haitian Revolution
This revolution is often known for being the first successful slave revolt in history. It was led by Toussaint L’ouverture and he partnered with escaped slaves(maroons) to fight against the French. This would end in the nation of Hati being made and it was the World's first black republic. The constitution of Hati gave equality to the citizens. -
Period: to
Opium Wars
Opium was an illegal substance that got many people addicted to it. 1839 was the start of the First Opium War because of the Chinese refusal of Indian opium imports from Britain. The refusal of imports would weaken the Qing dynasty and the Second Opium War was because of China's refusal to negotiate Western trade. Opium trade and exportation of Chinese indentured workers were legalized as a result of the wars. -
Period: to
Tanzimat Reforms
Tanzimat Reforms were used during the Ottoman Empire to stay in power. Secular education was a creation from the reforms because of the lack of control for prior education. The Ottoman Reform Edict was an updated legal system used from creating and modifying the Ottoman Empire laws. The new system included education, equality for males, and didn't provide bias based on religions. -
Period: to
Taiping Rebellion
This rebellion was an attempt to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. It included the starvation of workers, peasants, and miners. This rebellion was unsuccessful because of French and British intervention. Economic relationships were easily taken over because of the problems revealed from the revolution and it also caused millions of deaths from famine. -
Period: to
Sepoy Mutiny
Cows and pigs were considered taboo in muslim and hindu culture ,so it angered them when rifle cartridges were greased with the fat of these animals. Cows are sacred to the Hindu religion. The sepoys began to believe that the British were attempting to convert them to Christianity. They decided to revolt against them ,which was unsuccessful and killed thousands. -
Period: to
Meiji Revolution
Japanese way of life was forever changed after this revolution. European influence pressured Japan to have to modernize. This resulted in the loss of traditional clothing, railroad production, and modern infrastructure. This caused women to be treated more fairly and encouraged the population to be literate. -
Period: to
Berlin Conference
The purpose of the conference was to settle land disputes involving Africa. European countries were all trying to gain the wealth and control that Africa had available. The conference had no African input because of there being no African leader at the conference. They agreed on how to divide Africa ,which disregarded the natives who already lived there. -
Period: to
Scramble for Africa
European powers were in competition with each other to gain African territory. Africa offered vast resources and wealth. The Berlin Conference set up. system in dividing Africa, but disregarded the native population. Border lines were eventually drawn ,which divided cultural groups. This caused conflict between the natives and europeans.