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Period: 500 to 1500
Feudalism in Europe
Feudalism in Europe was a system of and ownership and class ranking among the people. Kings divided the land to their lords/nobles as fiefs. Society became structured based on relationships achieved through the holding of land in exchange for labor. The decline of feudalism was slow but grew quickly as political positions changed during the Bubonic plague. -
Period: 618 to 1279
Tang and Song Dynasties
The Tang Dynasty lasted from 618 to 960, before the Song Dynasty. It was known as a time of great cultural advancements and new reforms. Women dressed freely and were able to hold high positions in government. The Song Dynasty lasted from 960 until 1279 when the Mongols conquered China. Advancements and inventions were made during this time. Both the Song Dynasty and Tang Dynasty are referred to as China's Golden Age. -
Period: 750 to 1517
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate lead the Islamic culture for over three centuries. Great intellectual and cultural developments were made while under their rule. It was a period of stability, trade, and innovation until it feel due to the Mongol Empire. This time was known as the Golden Age of Islamic Culture. -
Period: 1200 to 1450
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire lasted from 1200 to 1450. They lived in Central Asia and pushed into Europe taking over many European countries. The Mongol Empire is one of the largest continuous land empires in history. The Bubonic plague affected them as is spread through Europe killing 1/3 of the population. -
Period: 1206 to 1526
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate was a rule over India that lasted from 1206 to 1526 and was made up of five dynasties. The Islamic religion was brought into India and remained after the ruling ended. The Islamic religion was harshly imposed on the predominantly Hindu India at the beginning of the rule, yet become more tolerable over time. -
Period: 1235 to
Mali Empire
Located in West Africa, the Mali Empire became the largest empire in West Africa and significantly impacted the surrounding culture. They became the richest empire in South Africa due to their money in salt and gold. After Mansa Musa died, the empire began to lose power over lack of order and desire of smaller states to break free. -
Period: 1271 to 1368
Yuan Dynasty
Genghis Khan founded the Yuan Dynasty and was ruled by Kublai. This was the first Chinese dynasty and was foreign-led. It was a centralized bureaucracy with a taxation system. It was the first to name Beijing as its capital. They extended the foreign trade system. -
Period: 1299 to
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire was started by the Osman dynasty and was the longest Empire to last. After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople and seized the Mediterranean region and the Black sea, the Empire was formed. They used the straights of Bosporus to trade and transport military men. The Empire used gunpowder, Islamic religions beliefs, devshrime system, and the Shariah law to maintain control. -
Period: 1300 to
European Renaissance
The European Renaissance lasted between 1300 to 1600. Arts and learning early in life was revived in this period. Cities recovered, agriculture grew, the invention of the printing press, and trade expanded and was reborn. The Renaissance was known for the spread of ideas such as Calvinism and predestination, etc. These led to religious wars and caused a scientific revolution to follow. -
Period: 1346 to 1350
Bubonic Plague
The Bubonic Plague, also known as the disease Black Death was fatal to the population. People fled their homes in fear of getting the disease. Fleas living on animals is what spread the disease. As trade picked up between countries, the disease spread quicker. The plague killed 1/3 of the population. -
Period: 1368 to
Ming Dynasty
The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by Han Chinese. They replaced the Mongol Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty, despite its political success in the first half of the reign, eventually began to suffer the age-old problems that had beset every other regime in China through the ages. They built the forbidden city that help home for many higher authorities. -
Period: 1400 to
Age of Exploration
Ideas such as mercantilism lead to the age of exploration, as it drove Europeans to expand their territories to areas of natural resources to improve their export. Prince Henry influenced the start of the exploration by investing funds into schools of exploration. Many inventions such as the compass, astrolabe, and aravels were brought up during this time. -
Period: 1400 to
Spanish Colonial Empire
The Spanish Colonial Empire was present in the New World. In the New World the Spanish used the encomienda system to control the natives in the New World. They also forced the natives into labor and mine silver and gold by using the mita system. The Philippines capital was used as a trading port as the Spanish also colonized them. -
Period: 1428 to 1533
Mesoamerican Empires
Based in Central Mexico, the Aztec Empire made significant developments in cultivation and irrigation. They practiced worshiping different gods and performed human sacrifice to appeal to their gods. Based in the Peruvian highlands, the Inca empire made significant architectural developments that allowed them to live in the mountains. They developed roads, walls, and irrigation systems that are still used. -
Period: 1500 to
Portuguese Trading Post Empire
At the beginning of the Portuguese Trading Post Empire, the Portuguese began exploring the coastlines of Africa and began establishing trading posts. The posts forced merchants to pay duties wishing trade. By the mid 1500's, the Portuguese had established over 50 trading posts between East Asia and Africa while their Navy protected these posts by controlling the Indian Ocean and forced merchant to buy a safe pass. -
Period: 1517 to
The Reformation
The Reformation took place in Europe. The Catholic Church became corrupt due to the black plague influences. In result, the Church became greedy and encouraged Europeans to pay indulgences so their sins were forgiven. When they began to be challenged, Martin Luther began the Reformation by writing the 95 theses. He protested against the buying of indulgences. After the Reformation was when they branched off and formed different forms of Christianity. -
Period: 1526 to
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire was started by Barbur and conquered Northern and a little of Southern India from the Delhi Sultanates. Arts and cultures prospered along with trade along the Indian Ocean and Silk road. Muslims ran the Empire, yet the caste system remained in place ad taxes on Hindus were lowered. They kept control by using gunpowder and Zamindars to enforce the taxes. -
Period: 1526 to
Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade was the transportation and trade of slaves from Africa to mainly the Americas. The Americas were positively impacted as they got new crops and a introduction to new culture and music. Though it lead to genocides on the middle passage. Africa was impacted by the decrease in their population which allowed Portugal to take over Swahili. -
Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
The Tokugawa Shogunate began in Japan after Oda Nobunaga, Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa unaided Japan during Sengoku. The Emperor of the Shogunate were Buddhist figures. They promoted peace and put a ban on foreigners and Christians. Samurais became more educated and moved high up on the caste system, while peasants were pushed to the bottom. -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty became the last dynasty to rule in China after the fall of the Ming dynasty. The civil exam remained, Confucianism and Buddhism remained the main religion and isolationism continued. Arts began flourishing and China was at peace as the Manchu culture was expanding. During this time, Chinese territories were also expanded into Tibet and Central Asia. -
Period: to
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was the movement that influenced the ideas and views of the Europeans. Influencers like John Locke, Adam Smith, etc, were leaders and helped promote ideas. The idea of capitalism, rights, feminism, and etc. were spread and introduced. The movement lead to the U.S constitution, countries revolutions, and the opening of individuals minds. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States. New inventions became more popular such as the steam engine, factories, assembly lines, etc. Production was becoming more efficient. Communication became more easy between countries and colonies, and the countries were beginning to become settled. -
Period: to
American Revolution
The Americans claimed "no taxation without Representation." The Revolution was caused by the misrepresentation of the colonist, financial issues, and outbreaks against the British. After 18 years of fighting, it ended with the Constitution and the freedom of the Americans from the British. The Revolution effected the position women had and the rights the people had. The Revolution pushed other Revolution and opened more ideas. -
Period: to
French Revolution
The French Revolution was caused by social and economic inequalities. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, catalyzed violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon. Their economic and personal stands changed based on liberal and idea from the Enlightenment period. The French Revolution was also influenced by the American Revolution, as it showed them the push that they needed. -
Period: to
Haitian Revolution
The Haitian Revolution was my largest successful slave rebellion. The slaves fought against the French and not only ended slavery in Haiti but ended the French ruling. The Revolution was influenced by the French Revolution which brought up new concepts of human rights, citizenship, and government strategies. -
Period: to
Opium Wars
The first Opium War was instigated in 1839 after China refused British imports of Indian opium since the new brought addiction cause China social and economic disruption. The war was fought and left the Qing Dynasty weakened and opened China up to commercial domination by the West. The 2nd Opium war in 1856 resulted from Western European desire to further weaken Chinese sovereignty over trade, legalize opium trade, and to expand the export of indentured workers. This ended in China going in debt -
Period: to
Tanzimat Reforms
The Tanzimat reforms were carried out between 1830 and 1870 in the Ottoman Empire. They were a wide-ranging series of educational, political and economic reforms. It was the attempt to modernize and prevent the fall of the Ottoman Empire. They began adopting customs and strategies of the West in order to do so. The Reforms were only partially successful but did not halt the decline of the Empire. -
Period: to
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion was an act led by Hong Xiuquan against the Qing Dynasty in China. The rebellion was successful at the time, but soon fell and failed after Hong's death. The act cost more than 20 million lives, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in history. After the city fell and Taiping occupiers were killed, China was left financially strained. -
Period: to
Sepoy Mutiny
The sepoy mutiny was a violent out burst Against the British rule in India. The mutiny resulted in the abolishment of the East India Company, and caused a financial crisis in India. The financial crisis then helped bring in modernization into their administration and caused them to reorganize the army they built. Prior to the mutiny, there had been no other outbreaks against British rule, therefore it is also called the First War of Independence. -
Meiji Revolution
The Meiji Revolution came to be identified with the major political, economic, and social changes and growth. They brought Westernization and modernization to the country. An army was formed and all feudal class privileges were abolished. Adopting the slogan “Enrich the country, strengthen the army” they sought to create a nation-state capable of standing equal among Western powers. -
Period: to
Scramble for Africa
The Scramble for Africa was the competition between the countries for colonies in Africa. Colonies were being attacked and forced under European control for their resources. They formed new border lines without any regard to the native cultures All but two countries in Africa remained free. Later, the Berlin Conference was what was called to settle any land disputes of Africa. -
Period: to
Berlin Conference
The conference helped control the Europeans colonization and trade in Africa. It contributed to the rising of European powers and brought more interest in the African colonies, which resulted in the taking away of any forms of autonomy that African countries had. Before the conference, global slave trade was an issue, in order to gain acceptance, and slave trade by African and Islamic powers was prohibited, leading to an international prohibition within the European powers that signed.