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618
Tang and Song Dynasties (618-1279)
The Tang and Song Dynasties are more known as "China's Golden Age". They had brought many things and ideas such as paper money becoming dominant, champa rice being mass produced, and gunpowder being used more. This Era, however, would eventually end when the Song Dynasty collapsed mainly because of constant invasions by the Jin Dynasty. The Dynasties were able to turn China into one of the most powerful areas in the world. -
750
The Golden Age of Islam (750-1258)
During this period, the Abbasids were strong leaders who controlled a vast territory and created a culture that is often referred as the "Golden Age of Islam". The Abbasid Caliphate was a dynasty that had ruled over the Islamic Empire. The leader of the Abbasids was known as the "Caliph". During the time of the Abbasids, the caliph was typically the closest male relative of the previous Caliph. -
900
European Feudalism (900's-1200's)
Feudalism was a work based structure that existed in Europe during the 900's. The system was created off of relationships deciding on how society as a whole worked. A lot of the time, land was gifted to others as a trade for products. Kings sometimes gave up land to lords in exchange for soldiers, both of these were lower classes than Kings according to the system. This system allowed nobility to be in control over citizens in several countries. -
1206
The Delhi Sultanate (1206-1555)
This period saw the beginning of the blend of the Hindu and Islamic cultures. Because of this, Great Mosques, as well as many different colleges and hospitals were built during this cultural diffusion. India had received protection from the strong Mongol army as well, which eventually ended with the rise of Mughal India. The Delhi Sultanate was the beginning of the change towards the Muslim rule being dominant in India. -
1206
The Mongol Empire (1206-1368)
The Mongol Empire is the largest land empire that has ever existed in history. The Mongols were lead by Genghis Khan who is known for extraordinary military achievements. The Empire is notorious for many innovations in war strategy, technology, and they also influenced the pre-existing Asian culture. The Empire, however, was brought down by the ever so rising Ming Dynasty and the Bubonic Plague which decreased the population. -
1235
The Mali Empire (1235-1670)
Influential and Wealthy are two words that can very well describe the Mali Empire. The empire was very influential to the culture of Africa with their markets. The Empire had control over the gold and salt markets of Africa, as well as the trade routes across the Sahara Desert. However, the empire lost many of its borders to the Songhai Empire. -
1279
The Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368)
The Yuan Dynasty was an era when China was under the reign of the Mongols. The Yuan Dynasty's Creation made it the first time when China was ruled by only one leader. The dynasty was founded by Kublai Khan, who was from the Mongol Empire. This allowed for much of China to be developed more in their culture. This time of cultural development unfortunately ended with many peasant rebelling against their nation. -
1299
The Ottoman Empire (1299-1922)
The Ottoman Empire is known as one of the strongest and long lasting Dynasties in all of History. The empire was ran by Islamic people that ruled over the Middle East, Eastern Europe and North Africa for more than 6 centuries. The Empire was created by Osman I in 1299, however it reached its peak during the mid 16th century during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. This time period was known for great power and wealth. The Empire fell in 1922, during World War I and Turkey became a republic. -
1300
The Aztecs and Incas (Mesoamerican Empires) ((1300's-1533))
The Aztecs and the Incas were known as the last superior native empires before the many invasions from European nations. They had changed the Mesoamerican culture by introducing art forms involving artworks and music, as well as agriculture. With religion, they both were polytheistic and performed human sacrifice as they believed it would please their gods. Both would eventually be vanquished by Spanish explorers, some who were Catholic trying to spread catholicism, many perished to diseases. -
1347
The Black/Bubonic Death/Plague (1347-1351)
The Black/Bubonic Death/Plague was responsible for killing over a third of the world population. When one was infected, many black spots appeared all over said person's body. The plague caused a major negative economy flux and trade was essentially prohibited. Many people working in agriculture were killed off. The plague is similar to later viruses such as the Spanish Flu and the more recent Coronavirus. Many doctors wore specially made suits, now more known as Plague Suits. -
1368
The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
As mentioned before, the Ming Dynasty had overthrown the Yuan Dynasty which was ruled by the Mongol Empire. The Ming Dynasty had taken a lot of the Mongols' stuff and took it for their own benefit. The dynasty also brought ancient Tang Dynasty values by re-establishing The Civil Service Exam. They also did not communicate with any other countries. The Ming Dynasty, however, did value agriculture and gave out land. -
1400
The Age of Exploration (1400's-1600's)
The Age of Exploration was what started the discovery of many new locations in the Western Hemisphere. Many innovations in navigation were created during this era in order to explore these new areas. This age had encouraged the trading of goods between nations, many of which had little to no contact with each other before they came along. The world was now more connected during this period of cultural diffusion, and this age also began to define on how to entire world works as a whole. -
1400
The Atlantic Slave Trade (1400's-March 25, 1807)
After the Portuguese exploration of West Africa, The Atlantic Slave Trade began. The Trade had transported slaves from slave traders. There was a triangular routing used to transport the slaves from America to Europe to Africa and back to Africa. The transport to America sent slaves there, the transport to Europe sent crops and goods there, and the transport to Africa sent textiles and manufactured goods there. It is estimated that 12 Million Africans were enslaved. -
1420
The Renaissance (1420-1603)
The Renaissance, or the European Renaissance, began an era of innovation in Europe. It's also known as the rebirth of art and knowledge. People essentially took classic European culture and build off of it. Math and science were used more and people started to think expansively. The renaissance also the began the Age of Exploration as Europe had used this newfound knowledge to expand out into the world. -
Apr 17, 1492
The Spanish Colonial Empire (April 17, 1492-1976)
The Empire had begun the Conquest to America, in search of gold and silver to make Spain more powerful than it was before. The Spanish had also created labor systems were created that exploited the native people. Many of them died of diseases such as smallpox which originated from the Natives. During their time there, exploiting natives, they tried to convert them to Catholicism. -
1500
The Portuguese Trading Post Empire (1500's-1600's)
The Post empires began in the 1500's, and had been started by Portugal. Instead of Portugal conquering a whole nation, they rather focused on the ports of their country. The posts controlled trade routes by forcing merchants to pay when they reached the posts. The Posts set up controlled trade throughout the Indian Ocean. -
1517
The Reformation (1517-1648)
During the 16th Century, people of Europe questioned the Catholic church, and it led to the church splitting into Catholicism and Protestantism. Martin Luther questioned their beliefs and rebelled against "Indulgences" with the "95 Theses". During the Bubonic Plague, the church proved unreliable and they were known for being greedy. Some people had to pay to step foot into the church, almost as if to pay to follow their own beliefs. -
1526
The Mughal Empire (1526-1857)
The Mughal Empire was very efficient but had a vast complex of money, personnel, and information dedicated to the service of the emperor. Much of the empire’s expansion during the 16th and 17th centuries was due to India’s growing cultural diffusion with other countries. From 1556-1605, Akbar the Great was the emperor of the Empire who had established a kingdom through military conquests, he is also known for his religious tolerance. The Mughal Empire began to become weak in the 18th century. -
The Edo Period (1603-1868)
This time period was also known as the final era of traditional Japan. This was a time of peace and economic growth under the shogunate. The Tokugawa Shogunate or the "Edo Shogunate" was the most powerful central government Japan had ever seen. The Shogunate controlled the emperor and the daimyo as well as administered foreign affairs. -
The Meiji Restoration (1603-1868)
The Meiji Restoration was Japan's way of keeping up with the rest of the world, mainly the Western Hemisphere. Modernization occurred throughout Japan from schools to their economy. This restoration is important as Japan was able to develop from traditional values to being more modernized than anyone in such a short period of time. The ideas used were built off of the Industrial Revolutions where their economy was all about making as many products as soon as possible. -
The Qing Dynasty (1644-1912)
The Qing Dynasty is known for their mass produce of paintings, jade, and use of porcelain to create their own art. The Dynasty had an emperor who had four assistants, ruled over six boards, and a grand council that assisted him no matter what. This Dynasty is also known for trading with Britain, they mainly traded silks and tea. Spanish Missionaries had also come to the Qing Dynasty to spread Christianity and surprisingly the Emperor allowed it. -
The Age of Enlightenment (1715-1789)
From the 1600's to the 1700's, an intellectual movement had begun. The movement had emphasized on skepticism, individualism, science, and logic. A goal during this period was to discover the truth of the world. Ideas from the Enlightenment the separation of powers in office to maintain checks and balances. -
The Industrial Revolution (1760-1840)
This Revolution changed the economic perspective from Agriculture to Industry. Many new factories and machines created to increase production efficiently. These inventions/innovations may have had positives in terms of work efficiency and the economy, however there was a major downside. Work conditions were poor and many people became sick with many different diseases. -
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775-September 3, 1783)
This Revolution was a rebellion against the British rule of the American Colonies. This Revolution also influenced many revolutions like the French and Haitian Revolutions. It inspired people to follow suit with Nationalism. Many of the ideas of the Revolution were inspired from the Age of Enlightenment. The American Colonies were victorious in the end, with help from the French. -
The French Revolution (May 5, 1789-November 9, 1799)
The French Revolution caused the end of many traditions in France such as feudalism, the revolution also took a lot of power from the Catholic Church. The Revolution was caused by economic struggles in France due to poor wealth management by the nobles. This revolution was also the starting gun for many other revolutions across Europe, such as the Haitian Revolution, who would rebel against France as a slave colony due to unfair treatment. The Goal was to influence Nationalism across Europe. -
The Haitian Revolution (August 14, 1791-January 1, 1804)
This Revolution is known as being the only successful slave revolt in the history. The slaves in Haiti were able to gain independence from France. Toussaint-Louverture, the leader of the revolt, helped lead Haiti to become independent. Like the American Revolution, this revolution was inspired from the ideas from the Age of Enlightenment. The Promotion of Nationalism continued through this revolution as well. -
The Tanzimat Reforms (1839-1876)
These reforms occured in the Ottoman Empire, and their goal was to essentially westernize the empire. This was done in terms of education and politics in order to keep up with other countries. The Ottomans true goal was to keep up with the Western Hemisphere. This period of reforms was all about modernization and keeping up with the world. -
The Opium Wars (1839-1860)
The Opium Wars were two armed conflicts between Western Countries and the Qing Dynasty of China. The first Opium War (1839–42) was fought between China and Britain, and the second Opium War (1856–60), was fought by Britain and France against China. In each case the Western Countries were victorious and gained territorial concessions in China. The conflicts marked the start of unequal treaties on the Qing Dynasty. This eventually weakened and ended the Qing Dynasty as a whole. -
The Taiping Rebellion (December 1850-August 1871)
This Rebellion was a revolt against the Qing dynasty, there were fights of religious conviction over regional economic conditions. The Taiping forces were run by, what people called a prophet, Hong Xiuquan, who ran the God Worshipping Society. This resulted in the rebels seizing the city of Nanjing for years to come. The Taiping Rebellion failed years later and was the cause of death of more than 20 million people. -
The Sepoy Mutiny (March 26, 1857-November 1, 1858)
The Sepoy Mutiny was a very violent uprising against Great Britain's rule in India. New Rifle Cartridges were used and on March 26, the first shot was fired at the parade ground at Barrackpore, when a sepoy named Mangal Pandey shot a British Sergeant Major and Lieutenant. More Indian troops rebelled against the British after Mangal's shot. Many units of the Bengal Army turned on the British. The uprising became extremely violent, and it had brought the end of the East India Company. -
The Scramble for Africa (1881-1914)
The Scramble for Africa was the invasion and colonisation of African Territory by European Powers. The Berlin Conference of 1884, had regulated European colonisation and trade in Africa. It is actually known as the beginning of the Scramble for Africa. Partitioning Africa was how the Europeans avoided going to war over it. The late 1800's saw the Europeans exercising military influence and economic dominance, bringing about colonial imperialism. -
The Berlin Conference (November 15, 1884-February 26, 1885)
This Berlin Conference lasted from 1884-1885. The purpose of the Berlin Conference was to regulate European colonization in Africa during the New Imperialism period. The conference was held by the first Chancellor of Germany, Otto Von Bismarck. The result of the conference was the beginning of the Scramble for Africa, when European countries were all looking to colonize Africa.
