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Capital of Byzantine and Ottoman Empires
Ottomans made it their capital when they conquered the Byzantines
Called Istanbul -
Ruled mainly the Austrian Habsburgs from 1400's and onward till it's end
Emperor elected by Elector-Princes
Emperor had little power
Ended by Napoleon -
Confucianism mixed with Buddhism and Daoism
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Conquered Constantinople in and ended the Byzantine Empire
Controlled parts of Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia
Major power for several centuries -
Last Imperial Dynasty ruled by ethnic Han chinese
Largest Navy in the world
Population of 160 to 200 million people
Became Silver based economy
Little Ice age plus change in Japenese and Spanish Silver production along with other natural disasters led to it's colapse -
First Colonial Empire
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Palace of Ming and Qing emperors
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Founded as Triple alliance between Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan
By the end was ruled by Tenochtitlan
Indirect rule of conqured people
Conquered by the Spanish -
Commaned Expeditions throughout South China Sea and Indian Ocean from 1405 to 1433
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Largest pre-Columbian America empire
Conquered by the Spanish
Grew through conquest and Peaceful assimilation
Didn't have iron/steel, writing, draft animals, and the wheel
Socialist economy -
Main initiator of the Age of Discoveries
Duke of Viseu -
Founded by Sunni Ali
Ended by Sultan of Morroco -
Introduced printing to Europe
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Maintain Catholic Orthodoxy in Spanish Lands
Forcefully Convert Jews and Muslims in Spanish Lands -
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Conquerd Constantinople
Ended the Eastern Roman Empire -
Portuguese Explorer
First know European to go around the Horn of Africa -
First King of Songhai Empire
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Military, political and economic peak under the Spanish Habsburgs
Greatest territorial extent under the House of Bourbon
The empire on which the sun never sets -
"Discovered" the America's for Spain
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transfer of people, plants, animals, diseases, and the connection of the eastern and western hemispheres
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Agrement between Spain and Portugal about the distribution of land in the Americas
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Portuguese Explorer
First European to reach Asia by Sea -
Shia Islam established as state religion
First Iranians to establish state since the Sasanian Empire
Revied Persia as economic stronghold between East and West -
Spanish Explorer
Spanish Governor
Spanish Conquistador
First European to travel to Pacific from New World in 1513. -
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Split of Roman Catholic Church
South remained Catholic
Central full of violence
North (except Ireland) became Protestant
Ended with the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War -
Ruler of the Aztecs when first contact with Spanish Occured
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Portuguese Explorer
Organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth
Important contributer to Scientific Revolution -
Shah of Persia
Founder of Safavid Empire
Conquered all of Persia -
Muslim Turco-Mongol rulers of the Indian Sub-continent
Conquered by the British -
Founder of modern Political Science
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Last Sapa Inca of Incan Empire before Spanish Conquest
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Competed with Spain, Portugal, The Netherlands, and the British
Lost most of its empire by 1814 but built a new one in 1830 -
Spanish Conquistador
Conquered the Incan Empire for Spain -
Third Ruler of Mughal Empire
One of the Greatest Rulers of Mughal Empire
Brought most of the Indian sub-continent under Mughal rule -
Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe
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Ecclesiastical or structural reconfiguration
Religious orders
Spiritual movements
Political dimensions
Ended with the end of the Thirty Years' War -
Responce to Protestant Reformation
Start of Counter Reformation
Made Changes to everything about the Church -
Writer of the 95 theses
Started Protestant Reformation -
Grew by an average of 35,000 Square kilimeters a year from founding to 1700
Founded by Ivan IV in 1547
Turned into Russian Empire in 1721 by Peter the Great -
Spanish Conquistador
Led expadition leading to the fall of the Aztec Empire and Large parts -
Founder of Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
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Founder of Calvinism
Influencial person during Protestant Reformation -
10th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Longest Reining Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire Reached it's Height -
Trade Between Europe, Africa, and Caribians/North America that formed a triangle
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Ethnic Africans moved to the Americas through the transatlantic slave trade
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Companies that had multiple stock holders
Chartered by Countries Goverments
Had power to go to war
Granted Monopolies over certain products
Notable Examples:
East India Company
Dutch East India Company -
English/British Joint Stock Company
Traded with Indian Sub-continent and Qing China
Conquered Indian Sub-continent
Controlled half of World trade -
One of the first European settlements in the Americas
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First permanent English Settlement in the Americas
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One of the founding figures of the Jesuit missions to China
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Founder of, and first Shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate
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Liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of church and state
Influenced Frech Revolution -
Japenese school for the study of western science and medicine while the country was closed off to the West
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Italian polymath: astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician, he played a major role in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century
Father of observational astronomy
Father of modern physics
Father of scientific method
Father of science -
Last Imperial Dynasty
Territorial base of Modern China
Conqured Ming
Kept examination system
Population of 400 million -
One of the founders of modern political philosophy
Author of Leviathan, which established the social contract theory -
Father of Liberalism
Influenced Declaration of Independance -
Reign is the longest of any monarch of a major country in European history
Louis XIV's France was a leader in the growing centralization of power -
4th Emperor of Qing Dynasty China
Longest Rule in chinese history
Considered one of China's best Emperors -
Tsar of Russia
Helped expand and modernize Russia -
War between Major European Powers
Large aqusition of territory for the British
White Peace for Prussia
Weakened all beligerants -
Territiries in Canada, east cost of North America, Carribian, Africa, and India
Ended when the US got it's independance -
French writer, historian, and philosopher famous for attacks on the established Catholic Church, and advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and separation of church and state.
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Political philosophy influenced the Enlightenment in France and across Europe, and some aspects of the French Revolution
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Longest ruling female leader of Russia
Revitalized Russia as Great power of Europe -
6th Emperor of Qing Dynasty China
Longest reinging de-facto emperor of China -
Victory for the Ottomans against the Safavid Empire
First Ottoman expansion into eastern Anitolia and Stopping of Safavid western advance