-
330
Constantinople
Capital of Byzantine and Ottoman Empires
Ottomans made it their capital when they conquered the Byzantines
Called Istanbul -
Period: Jan 1, 962 to
Holy Roman Empire
Ruled mainly the Austrian Habsburgs from 1400's and onward till it's end
Emperor elected by Elector-Princes
Emperor had little power
Ended by Napoleon -
Jan 1, 1073
Neo-Confucianism
Confucianism mixed with Buddhism and Daoism -
Period: Jan 1, 1299 to
Ottoman Empire
Conquered Constantinople in and ended the Byzantine Empire
Controlled parts of Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia
Major power for several centuries -
Period: Jan 1, 1368 to
Ming Dynasty
Last Imperial Dynasty ruled by ethnic Han chinese
Largest Navy in the world
Population of 160 to 200 million people
Became Silver based economy
Little Ice age plus change in Japenese and Spanish Silver production along with other natural disasters led to it's colapse -
Period: Jan 1, 1415 to
Portuguese Empire
First Colonial Empire -
Jan 1, 1420
Forbidden City
Palace of Ming and Qing emperors -
Period: Jan 1, 1428 to Jan 1, 1521
Aztec Empire
Founded as Triple alliance between Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan
By the end was ruled by Tenochtitlan
Indirect rule of conqured people
Conquered by the Spanish -
Jan 1, 1435
Zheng He
Commaned Expeditions throughout South China Sea and Indian Ocean from 1405 to 1433 -
Period: Jan 1, 1438 to Jan 1, 1533
Inca Empire
Largest pre-Columbian America empire
Conquered by the Spanish
Grew through conquest and Peaceful assimilation
Didn't have iron/steel, writing, draft animals, and the wheel
Socialist economy -
Nov 13, 1460
Prince Henry the Navigator
Main initiator of the Age of Discoveries
Duke of Viseu -
Period: Jan 1, 1464 to
Songhai Empire
Founded by Sunni Ali
Ended by Sultan of Morroco -
Feb 3, 1468
Johannes Gutenberg
Introduced printing to Europe -
Period: Nov 1, 1478 to
Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition
Maintain Catholic Orthodoxy in Spanish Lands
Forcefully Convert Jews and Muslims in Spanish Lands -
May 3, 1481
Mehmed the Conqueror
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Conquerd Constantinople
Ended the Eastern Roman Empire -
Feb 4, 1488
Bartolomeu Dias
Portuguese Explorer
First know European to go around the Horn of Africa -
Jan 1, 1492
Sonni Ali
First King of Songhai Empire -
Period: Jan 1, 1492 to
Spanish Empire
Military, political and economic peak under the Spanish Habsburgs
Greatest territorial extent under the House of Bourbon
The empire on which the sun never sets -
Oct 12, 1492
Christopher Columbus
"Discovered" the America's for Spain -
Oct 12, 1492
Columbian Exchange
transfer of people, plants, animals, diseases, and the connection of the eastern and western hemispheres -
Sep 5, 1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
Agrement between Spain and Portugal about the distribution of land in the Americas -
May 20, 1498
Vasco da Gama
Portuguese Explorer
First European to reach Asia by Sea -
Period: Jan 1, 1501 to
Safavid Empire
Shia Islam established as state religion
First Iranians to establish state since the Sasanian Empire
Revied Persia as economic stronghold between East and West -
Jan 1, 1513
Vasco de Balboa
Spanish Explorer
Spanish Governor
Spanish Conquistador
First European to travel to Pacific from New World in 1513. -
Oct 31, 1517
Protestant Reformation
-
Period: Oct 31, 1517 to
Protestant Reformation
Split of Roman Catholic Church
South remained Catholic
Central full of violence
North (except Ireland) became Protestant
Ended with the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War -
Jun 29, 1520
Moctezuma II
Ruler of the Aztecs when first contact with Spanish Occured -
Apr 27, 1521
Ferdinand Magellan
Portuguese Explorer
Organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth
Important contributer to Scientific Revolution -
May 23, 1524
Shah Ismail I
Shah of Persia
Founder of Safavid Empire
Conquered all of Persia -
Period: Jan 1, 1526 to
Mughal Empire
Muslim Turco-Mongol rulers of the Indian Sub-continent
Conquered by the British -
Jun 21, 1527
Niccolò Machiavelli
Founder of modern Political Science -
Jul 26, 1533
Atahualpa
Last Sapa Inca of Incan Empire before Spanish Conquest -
Period: Jan 1, 1534 to
French Empire
Competed with Spain, Portugal, The Netherlands, and the British
Lost most of its empire by 1814 but built a new one in 1830 -
Jun 26, 1541
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish Conquistador
Conquered the Incan Empire for Spain -
Oct 15, 1542
Akbar
Third Ruler of Mughal Empire
One of the Greatest Rulers of Mughal Empire
Brought most of the Indian sub-continent under Mughal rule -
May 24, 1543
Nicolaus Copernicus
Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe -
Period: Jan 1, 1545 to
Counter-Reformation
Ecclesiastical or structural reconfiguration
Religious orders
Spiritual movements
Political dimensions
Ended with the end of the Thirty Years' War -
Period: Jan 1, 1545 to Jan 1, 1563
Council of Trent
Responce to Protestant Reformation
Start of Counter Reformation
Made Changes to everything about the Church -
Feb 18, 1546
Martin Luther
Writer of the 95 theses
Started Protestant Reformation -
Period: Jan 1, 1547 to
Russian Tsardom/Empire
Grew by an average of 35,000 Square kilimeters a year from founding to 1700
Founded by Ivan IV in 1547
Turned into Russian Empire in 1721 by Peter the Great -
Dec 2, 1547
Hernán Cortés
Spanish Conquistador
Led expadition leading to the fall of the Aztec Empire and Large parts -
Jul 31, 1556
Ignatius of Loyola
Founder of Society of Jesus (Jesuits) -
May 27, 1564
John Calvin
Founder of Calvinism
Influencial person during Protestant Reformation -
Sep 6, 1566
Suleiman the Magnificent
10th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Longest Reining Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire Reached it's Height -
Period: to
Triangular Trade
Trade Between Europe, Africa, and Caribians/North America that formed a triangle -
Period: to
African Diaspra
Ethnic Africans moved to the Americas through the transatlantic slave trade -
Joint Stock company
Companies that had multiple stock holders
Chartered by Countries Goverments
Had power to go to war
Granted Monopolies over certain products
Notable Examples:
East India Company
Dutch East India Company -
Period: to
East India Company
English/British Joint Stock Company
Traded with Indian Sub-continent and Qing China
Conquered Indian Sub-continent
Controlled half of World trade -
Quebec
One of the first European settlements in the Americas -
Jamestown
First permanent English Settlement in the Americas -
Matteo Ricci
One of the founding figures of the Jesuit missions to China -
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Founder of, and first Shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate -
Period: to
Enlightenment
Liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of church and state
Influenced Frech Revolution -
Period: to
Rangaku (Dutch Learning)
Japenese school for the study of western science and medicine while the country was closed off to the West -
Galileo Galilei
Italian polymath: astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician, he played a major role in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century
Father of observational astronomy
Father of modern physics
Father of scientific method
Father of science -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
Last Imperial Dynasty
Territorial base of Modern China
Conqured Ming
Kept examination system
Population of 400 million -
Thomas Hobbes
One of the founders of modern political philosophy
Author of Leviathan, which established the social contract theory -
John Locke
Father of Liberalism
Influenced Declaration of Independance -
Louis XIV of France
Reign is the longest of any monarch of a major country in European history
Louis XIV's France was a leader in the growing centralization of power -
Kangxi Emperor
4th Emperor of Qing Dynasty China
Longest Rule in chinese history
Considered one of China's best Emperors -
Peter the Great
Tsar of Russia
Helped expand and modernize Russia -
Period: to
7 Years' War
War between Major European Powers
Large aqusition of territory for the British
White Peace for Prussia
Weakened all beligerants -
England/First British Empire
Territiries in Canada, east cost of North America, Carribian, Africa, and India
Ended when the US got it's independance -
Voltaire
French writer, historian, and philosopher famous for attacks on the established Catholic Church, and advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and separation of church and state. -
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Political philosophy influenced the Enlightenment in France and across Europe, and some aspects of the French Revolution -
Cathrine the Great
Longest ruling female leader of Russia
Revitalized Russia as Great power of Europe -
Qianlong Emperor
6th Emperor of Qing Dynasty China
Longest reinging de-facto emperor of China -
Battle of Chaldiran
Victory for the Ottomans against the Safavid Empire
First Ottoman expansion into eastern Anitolia and Stopping of Safavid western advance