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Period: 2000 BCE to 1521
Mesoamerican Empires
The Mesoamerican Empires were the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and the Incas. The Olmecs lived in Southeast Mexico in 2000 BC. By 1400 BC the Mayans were mathematically advance and built temples for their gods. By 1400 AD the Aztecs were located in central Mexico and had three nomadic tribes. Along with the Aztecs, the Incas were located by the western coast. -
Period: 476 to 1450
Feudalism in Europe
Feudalism is an economic and political system based on land and alliances in Europe. Feudalism in Europe began to rise after the Rome empire started to fall. Since there was no central power to raise a strong army to protect people from raids the feudal system had started to gain popularity. -
Period: 700 to 1142
Tang and Song Dynasties
In the Tang and Song Dynasties, China had experienced many eras and technology innovations. The Tang dynasty had many achievements such as cultural development, political stability, expanding military regime, and a quickly improving economy. The Song dynasty also had many achievements such as the invention of paper money and movable type. Both dynasties were successful in trade and art. -
Period: 750 to 1258
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate was the capital in Baghdad. This lead to the capital becoming an important cultural center for the Muslims. The Abbasid Caliphate was falling apart due to poor leadership. The Abbasid Caliphate held onto power by two ways such as using force and the policy of inclusion. -
Period: 1206 to 1526
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate was a Persian speaking dynasty that took control of India. There were five dynasties the took place in Delhi Slave, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties. The slave dynasty was based on equality, unlike the Khilji who discriminated against races. Overall the Slave dynasty had become the foundation of the Delhi Sultanate era which was soon taken over by Genghis Khan. The battle of Panipat had led the down of the Delhi Sultanate era. -
Period: 1206 to 1368
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire came from modern-day Mongolia. The Mongol Empire had become the largest land-based empire in history. When the Mongols took over land they allowed the people to live their lives the same but they would have to pay a tribute. Pax Mongolica encourages the trade of people, technology, and information in the empire. -
Period: 1235 to
Mali Empire
The Mali Empire had become a dominating power after the fall of Ghana. This caused the Mali Empire to take over the salt and gold trade until 1500. The Mali Empire rose to power under the ruler named Suniata. Soon the Mali Empire began to fall due to poor leadership to stop raiders and the land. -
Period: 1279 to 1368
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty was lead bt Kublai Khan. The dynasty was able to gain land from outside of China from Korea, and parts of Southeast Asia. During the Yuan Dynasty, they had created a new type of postal service, two types of literature (drama & novel). The Mongols were able to keep power away from the Chinese by creating a hierarchy that leveled foreigners higher than natives. The Yuan Dynasty also hosted Marco Polo travels. -
Period: 1299 to
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire was founded by Osman. The ruler of the Ottoman Empire would be called the Sultan. The Sultan is assumed that it is the Muslim Caliph. By 1453 the Ottoman Empire had gained control of Constantinople which led to the end of the Roman Empire. -
Period: 1300 to
European Renaissance
The European Renaissance lead to advances in science, technology for expeditions. Humanism led to the fight for rights and the encouragement of democracy. During the European Renaissance, many different types of churches rose in Europe. In the north many Protestants outnumbered Catholics. As the church power and Pope decreased the monarchs and government's power had increased. -
Period: 1342 to 1353
Bubonic Plague
The Bubonic Plague was spread by the silk road and the Mediterranean Sea. The origin of the Bubonic Plague was in China and you could get infected by flea bites. The average lifespan of having Bubonic Plague was 2 days and this caused a decrease in Faith. This led to people becoming Flaggelants to demonstrates attendment. About 30% of Europe's population had died. This a decrease in labor. -
Period: 1368 to
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty was China's last native ruling dynasty. Ming Dynasty's first emperor was Hongwo. Hongwo reintroduced the civil service exam and destroyed all remains of the Mongol culture. During the Ming Dynasty, they supported Confucianism and agriculture which led them to expansion. -
Period: 1416 to
Age of Exploration
The Age of Exploration started with Prince Henry. By 1480 Spain had sailed around the tip of Africa. In 1498 Vasco de Gama discovered a route to Africa to India. By 1492 Chrishor Columbus discovered the new world. This caused the Age of Exploration to improve on mapmaking, building ships, and navigation. -
Period: 1492 to
Spanish Colonial Empire
The Spanish Colonial Empire was Spain's first organized colonial system. The Spanish Colonial Empire is similar to Europe's feudal system except the lords/nobles/vassals are called econmenderos and the serf are Native Americans. The Spanish Colonial Empire had the largest export due to the silver industry. The Spanish would use the Mita system for the Native Americans to work in the Silver mines. The Spanish would also use the hacienda system. -
Period: 1498 to
Portuguese Trading Post Empire
The Portuguese Trading Post Empire started in the 15th century and ended in early 17th century. It started in the 15th-century because of the trade on the silk road. The Portuguese were the first to find another route to Asia due to Prince Henry. The Portuguese would tax people who would want to trade in Africa and Asia. In order to protect the trading post the Portuguese would have a large navy. -
Period: 1517 to
The Reformation
The Reformation was led by Luther. Luther thought that faith alone would give you salvation but the church had said that salvation is gained from faith. This caused Luther to post 95 theses onto the church's door. Luther gained popularity from the printing press due to his 95 theses. This led to Luther being excommunicated from the church. -
Period: 1526 to
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire would use the mansabdar system to generate land revenue. The emperor would use the mansabdar system for the exchange of a soldier. While the Mughal Empire had taken control of India this impacted India's society. The Mughal Empire also merged its beliefs on the role of women and social class to Indian standards. -
Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
Shogunate was being fought over three people: Nobunaga, Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa. Tokugawa was Hideyoshi's heir. While Tokugawa was Shogunate the capital had moved to Edo and started to concentrate on consolidating power at home than expanding. -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
The Manchu invaded and subjugated many regions of China which led to the end of the Ming Dynasty. Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty in China. During the Qing Dynasty, art had flourished and become a large subject in China. The Qing Dynasty soften the isolation policy in Canton because Canton was the only port open to foreign trade. -
Period: to
Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade was used to trade slaves from Africa for goods. The Atlantic Slave Trade included Africa, the Americas, and Europe. The Atlantic Slave Trade led to chattle slavery. Chattle slavery became a major source of labor to America. Africa had lost a large amount of central and west Africans in the Atlantic Slave Trade. -
Period: to
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was the time period when people began to think more about equally, the church, or the government. It was believed that world problems could be solved using the scientific method and reasoning. Some of the major ideas in the Enlightenment were spread by the press in books, magnetizes, etc. Some of the major influences from the enlightenment are John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Baron de Montesquieu, and many more. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain. The Industrial Revolution lead to many industrial improvements and changed the process of manufacturing. Some of the inventions in the Industrial Revolution are: watt steam, steam engine, water frame, cotton gin, and many more. The Industrial Revolution was created to encourage surplus population who can't find any jobs. -
Period: to
American Revolution
The causes of the American Revolution was that the British taxed the colonies heavily and the colonies petitioned the parliament for representation but instead they were denied. The American Revolution was the first successful rebellion by a colonial territory toward the mother land. The American Revolution was also inspired by the enlightenment ideas. -
Period: to
French Revolution
The French Revolution caused was enlightenment ideas, social causes, and economic depression. The French Revolution was in an economic depression because Louis XIV was building the palace at Versailles and used the taxed money to build it. The citizen of France was also forced to Catholic which caused many to leave. The French Revolution came to an end when Napoleon overthrew the directory and gained power from it. -
Period: to
Haitian Revolutions
The Haitian Revolutions was the only successful revolt in history. The success of the Haitian Revolutions led to the growth of nationalism and the end of slavery. Toussaint L'Ouverture was the leader of the Haitian Revolution who lead them to victory. Toussaint L'Ouverture by 1797 he had secured the native control over the colony. -
Period: to
Tanzimat Reforms
The Tanzimat Reforms was an attempt to make the Ottoman Empire more industrialized. The main purpose was to modernize the Ottoman Empire with new forms of industrialization and western ideals. Under the Tanzimat efforts to centralize the administrations, all of the legal authority had gotten in the hands of the sultan. Unfortunately, the Tanzimat Reforms in the industry had failed because of Egypt's lack of energy of power. -
Period: to
Opium Wars
The opium wars were a set of two conflicts that occurred during the Qing dynasty. The first wars took place between 1839-1842 and began when China had tried to contain the illegal trade of opium that being led by the British making its way to China from India’s exports. The second opium war was known as the Anglo-Chinese War or the Arrow war. When the British had attacked Canton after the Chinese had allegedly raided a British ship (called ‘Arrow’) and lowered the British flag. -
Period: to
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion was led by Hong Xiuquan. Hong Xiuquan had pictured himself as the son of God. Hong Xiuquan started a rebellion that was caused by Christianity. Many people joined Hong Xiuquan because of poverty, political corruption, etc. Over 20 million people had died in the Taiping Rebellion. -
Period: to
Sepoy Mutiny
The Sepoy Mutiny is an Indian rebellion against the British. Sepoys are Indians soldiers who fought with the British. The British wanted the Sepoys to open gun powder cartridges with their mouths but the gun cartridges are greased with pig and cow fat. This would make the Sepoys go against their religion. This caused the Sepoys to rebel against the British. -
Period: to
Meiji Revolution
The Meiji Revolution lead to Japan becoming more westernized. This lead to the Meiji reforms which caused Japan to bring European experts to teach them about industrialization, etc. After the civil war between the shogun supporters and the people who favored western industrialization. The position of shogun was no longer in use and the emperor named Meiji was given full political authority over Japan. -
Period: to
Scramble for Africa
The Scramble for Africa was lead by the Europeans. The Europeans wanted to colonized Africa because it was easy access to labor and they gained natural resources. In 1885 many European leaders met at the Berlin Conference. The Berlin Conference's purpose was to determine how European countries would claim land in Africa. By 1900, most of Africa had been colonized. -
Period: to
Berlin Conference
The Berlin Conference was a meeting between 14 countries to discuss territory in Africa. The Berlin Conference took place when the European countries were doing the scramble for Africa. The Europeans created the Berlin Conference to stop any war over the land in Africa. The main topics in the Berlin Conference was the Niger and the Congo river because it was a key area in trade.