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10th Amendment (States)
The Amendment stated "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States are reserved to the States respectively or the People". The Amendment was ratified on December 15th, 1791. The ratification was both a State and Federal decision. 2/3 of the States had to decide to ratify this Amendment. -
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (States)
[Definitino of Nullification.](<a href='http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nullification)' >Definition of Nullification.</a>Amongst the Kentucky and Virginia Legislatures, they proposed reasons why the Alien and Sedition Acts were uncontitutional. the Resolutions were poliitcal statements that were drafted in both 1798 and 1799. The statements argued that any state had the right and duty to object any act of Congress unconstitutional if it was not written directly in the Constituation itself.The Kentucky resolutions declared that laws could be argued unconstitutional and nullification could be used as a remedy. -
McCullouche v. Maryland (States)
Maryland enacted imposing taxing on all unchartered banks in the state of Maryland. Banks were prohibited to issue banks notes without using stamped paper printed by the state. If bankers failed to issue bank notes on the stamped paper then they were fined or given penalties for violations. This violation is what started the case of McCulloch v. Maryland. McCullloch issued banks notes without complying to the Maryland laws. Maryland sued McCulloch for not complying to the Maryland laws. -
Gibbons v. Ogden (States)
Aaron Ogden, the plaintiff, had purchased an interest in the monopoly to operate steamboats that New York state had granted to Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston. Ogden brought suit in New York against Thomas Gibbons, the defendant, for operating a rival steamboat service between New York City and the New Jersey ports. Gibbons lost his case and appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. -
14th Amendment (States, was ratified by their vote)
The Amendment stated "All persons born or naturalized in the United States (which included freed slaves) forbids any person life liberty or property without due process of law". The 14th Amendment expanded the protection of civil rights to all Americans. The bill was passed by both house on June 8th, 1866. The Amendment granted citizenship to and protect the civil liberties of recently freed slaves. -
Plessy v. Freguson (State)
Plessy, a white American attempted to sit in the all-white railroad car after refusing to sit in the black railway carriage car. Plessy was arrest for violating the 1890 Louisana statute that provided for "segregated but equal" railroad accomedations.At trial with Ferguson, Plessy was found guilty on the grounds that the law was a reasonable exercise of the state’s police powers based upon custom, usage, and tradition in the state. Plessy filed a petition. -
Pure Food and Drugs Act (Federal)
The Act stated "For preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poison." It provided federal inspection of meat products and other foods for safer production fo sold food productions within the Nation. The act required alcohol. cocaine, herione, and cannabis be labeled with contents and dosages on medications and patents sold, regulation of contents in food was established also. The idea of this Act was to help regulate what was being put into products. -
16th Amendment (State, ratified by their vote)
The 16th Amendment states that "Congress shall have the power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whenever source derived, without apportionment among the several states, and without reguard to any census or enumeration." The Amendment was passed on July 2nd, 1909 and ratified on Feb. 3rd, 1913 by the United States Congress. The Amendment gave Congress the power to collect taxes from citizens -
New Deal (Federal)
The New Deal was a series of programs approved by the United States Congress in response to the Great Depressison. The programs focused on the three R's, Relief, Recovery and Reform. However, the Democratic and Republican parties were split when it came to how to get out of this depression. -
Civil Rights Act (Federal and/or States)
The Civil Rights Act gave rights to both Women and African-Americans in the United States. United States Legislation agreed to the act, changing the segregation of schools and other public areas that were segregated. Rights were given equally among all citizens. The Congress defended that this Act was contitutional. The Act gives citixens the proper authority and rights as stated in the 14th Amendments and the 15th Amendment. -
Roe v. Wade (Federal/State)
Jane Roe, a pregnant mother, wished to get an abortion. However, Texas statutes criminalized abortions, so she sued. The case helped fight for women to gain the right to have an abortion if the mother wants to herself. -
Shermans Anti-Trust Act (Federal)
Shermans Anti-trust Act was established to prohibit monopolies within the United States as well as when trading with foreign country companies. Since the Act was started, the federal government is to investigate and pursure any trusts, or organizations that violate this Act. -
Americans with Disabilities Act (Federal)
The Americans with Disabilities Act stated employees, state, and local governments, employment agencies and labor unions are prohibited from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities. This Act was established by the Federal government that pertaining to the states and the local governments. This Act gave citizens with disabilities the opportunity to recieve a job and not be held from any promotion or job opportunity due to being disabled. -
United States v. Lopez (State/Federal)
Alfonso Lopez Jr., a 12th grade student at Edison high school brought a .38 caliber weapon to school, soon getting caught by authority. Lopez was charged with violating the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990. Lopez argued that the Act was not Constitutional as it is beyond the Congress to legislate control over public schools. In defense to his statement, it was said that the Act was indeed constitutional. -
Alden v. Maine (State)
In 1992, probation officers employed by the state of Maine filed a suit against their employer of the Federal District Court for the District of Maine. The probation officers alleged the employer violating the overtime porvisions in the Fair Labor Standards Act. The employer wasn't paying the officers for overtime. The case was not handled because the states have the sovreignity immunity to suits by the people. The federal government said that the case was not to be handled due to the immunity. -
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104th Congress
a meeting of the Legistlative branch of the United States federal government, composed of both US Senate and Representatives, majority being Republican. The meeting occured during President Bill Clintons 3rd and 4th year of Presidency. -
Printz v. United States (Federal)
United States Supreme Court ruling that established the unconstitutionality of certain provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act stated the background checks of anyone purchasing a firearm. The Supreme Court ruled that the Act was unconstitutional and went against the Constitutional rights of a citizen. The federal government was highly involved considering it was a Constitutional case. -
September 11th, 2011 (Federal)
On the morning of Sep. 11th, 2001, the United States was under attack . Two planes hit the twin towers, kill thousands of innocent lives. 109 terriorists from the Al-Queda took control over 4 planes. 1 plane hit the Pentagon, 2 hitting the twin towers and 1 landing in a field. The event shook the lives of our nation and other nations as well, creating higher and more strict security systems. The Department of Homeland Security was established, trying to create a safer nation. -
No Child Left Behind (Federal)
No Child Left Behind Act was established by the United States Congress in support of giving children the general necessary eduction in public schools. The act was proposed shortly after George W. Bush was elected into Presidency. General requirements were made for each public school system to obtain school funding. Congress increased the amounts of money for funding over the years giving schools more money to spend on childrens' learning. The Act was finalized on Jan 8th, 2002. -
Development of the Department of Homeland Security. (Federal)
The development of the Department of Homeland Security was established by the United States federal government after the 9/11 attacks. The responsibility of the department is to protect our country; the territory of the United States. The Federal government established this department to protects not one state, but all of the states in our country. -
Brown v. Board of Education (Federal)
Several black students from different states such as Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia and Delaware wanted registry to a public school that was segregated. The case was whether or not segregated public schools was unconstitutional or not. The defense was the not allowing black children to attend a white majority public school is taking away their rights of the 14th amendment, therefore making segregated schools uncontitutional.
