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Period: 1304 to 1374
Petrarch
Italian scholar, one of the earliest humanists. Father of HUmanism. -
Period: 1313 to 1375
Boccaccio
Italian writer and poet, wrote The Decameron and On Famous Women. -
Period: 1337 to 1453
Hundred Years War
Fought between France and England because Charles IV of France died in 1328 without an heir. Edward III of England believed he had the right to be new king of France (France won) -
Period: 1349 to 1450
Age of Plague
A period where plague, famine, and wars were always going on and Feudal governments and the papacy struggled. Population but by the dropped but the period of death led to revitalization. -
Period: 1350 to 1527
Italian Renaissance
The earliest European renaissance. A period of cultural change and achievement which began in Italy. -
Period: 1378 to 1417
Great Schism
french and Italian cardinals elected different popes, was a blow to prestige of church -
Period: 1386 to 1466
Donatello
Created a second david -
Period: 1400 to
Witch Hunts
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1405
City of Ladies
Christine de Pisan -
1440
Printing Press
-
1440
David
Donatello -
1450
Henry The Navigator
discovered Africa -
Period: 1450 to 1580
Northern Renaissance
All the other northern European countries besides Italy. Used Christian sources to propel ideas and emphasized the role of the individual with a religious tone. -
Period: 1452 to 1519
Leonardo Da Vinci
Renaissance man, created several famous paintings -
1453
Fall of Constantinople
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Period: 1473 to 1543
Copernicus
Heliocentric theory, earth was not the center of the universe -
Period: 1475 to 1564
Michelangelo
Created david -
1479
Ferdinand and Isabella
Spanish Monarchs -
Period: 1479 to
Spanish Inquisition
Expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain -
Period: 1488 to
Commercial Revolution
European colonization and mercantilism -
Period: 1490 to 1510
New Monarchs
Gained power and made countries stronger, distracted the nobility with wars.
-John I of Portugal
-Charles VII of France
-Louis XI of France
-Isabelle I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon
-Henry VII of England -
1492
Columbus
Discovers the new world -
1509
In Praise of Follt
criticism of the church Sir Thomas More -
1513
The Prince
Written by Machiavelli -
Period: 1515 to 1559
Hapsburg-Valois Wars
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1516
Concordat of Bologna
French control over religion, allowed religious freedom -
1516
Utopia
Critical aspects of modern society, sought to depict a civilization in which political and economic injustices were limited by having all property held in common -
1517
95 Theses
Written by Martin Luther, posed on the church door, about things wrong with the Catholic Church started Lutheranism and the Reformation -
Period: 1517 to
Reformation
The time when thinkers questioned the Catholic Church and its teachings. Several new forms of Christianity were formed. -
1519
Charles V Invades Rome
HRE invades rome -
Period: 1520 to
Mannerism
A style of painting that replaced medieval styles. -
1521
Diet of Worms
produced the Edict of Worms, declared that people who were Lutheran would be outlaws. -
1521
Henry VIII named Defender of the faith by the Pope
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Period: 1524 to
Wars of Religion
A series of religious wars in Europe. Ended with the Peace of Westphalia, recognized three Christian religions: Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, and Calvinism. -
Period: 1524 to 1525
German Peasants Revolt
Uprising in Germany by peasants who were inspired by changes from the Reformation. -
1528
Courtier
Castiglione -
1529
England pulls away from the Pope
-
Period: 1530 to 1535
Counterreformation
Catholics led a counter to the actual reformation to try to fix the Catholic religion. -
1534
Parliament passes act of Supremacy
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1540
Jesuits
Ignatious Loyola forms the Jesuit Society -
1541
Calvisim
Created by John Calvin, main belief was predestination. -
1543
Copernican Hypothesis
Copernicus declared the sun is the center of the planets in "on the revolutions of the heavenly spheres" -
Period: 1543 to
Scientific Revolution
A period of scientific advancement and achievement. Science made people question the catholic church. -
1545
Council of Trent
This council tried people who were against the Catholic Church, legitimized the Jesuit order. -
Period: 1546 to
Brahe
Invented the instrument for observing the stars before the telescope -
1555
Peace of Augsberg
Settlement between the HRE. Each prince could determine the religion in his lands -
1559
Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis
France acknowledges Spanish dominance in Italian states -
Period: 1561 to
Francis Bacon
Father of the scientific method -
Period: 1564 to
Galileo Galilei
Proved the heliocentric theory and discovered new laws of gravity. -
Aug 23, 1572
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Roman Catholic mobs killed a bunch of protestants -
Spanish Armada
Defeated by England, the British were more powerful on the sea. Spain wanted to turn England back to Catholicism. The beginning of a slow decline of Spanish power in Europe. -
Period: to
Rene Descartes
Father of Western philosophy and geometry -
Edict of Nantes
Granted the French Huguenots rights. Signed by Henry IV said "Paris is worth the mass" -
Period: to
Agricultural Revolution
A period when the efficiency of agriculture allowed for a better life quality and led to the Industrial Revolution -
Period: to
Baroque
Northern Renaissance -
Period: to
British East India Company
British international trade organization (big in India and Asia) -
Period: to
Dutch East India Company
Strongest in the trading empire -
Bank of Amsterdam
first modern bank -
Split of North calvinists with toleration
-
Defenestration of Prague
Window -
Period: to
30 Years War
Religious war between Catholics and Protestants in Western Europe. -
Peace of Alais
Removed military rights of Hugeunots, protected minority religious rights -
Gustavus Adolphus
Dies, protestant and military leader -
Second Treatise of Civil Govvernment
John Locke -
rebellion in Ireland
-
Period: to
English Civil War
Issues between the monarchy and parliament, Charles I was executed for treason. -
Period: to
Isaac Newton
Gravity and astronomy -
Period: to
English Civial War
tested if sovereignty resided with king or parliament -
Peace of Westphalia
Ended the 30 years war recognized three christian religions. -
Leviathan
Hobbes -
Crop Rotation
Introduced to plant land-reviving crops to replenish nitrogen in soil. Led to more animal feed, which led to better diets -
Principia Mathematica
Newtons laws of motion -
Principia Mathematica
Isaac Newton -
Glorious Revolution
When William of Orange and Mary took the throne in England -
English Bill of Rights
Outlined specific constitutional and civil rights and ultimately gave Parliament power over the monarchu -
Two Treatises on Government
Locke -
Period: to
Enlightenment
The time of human thought and new social/human rights. Natural rights became popular and new ideals were born. -
Period: to
Enlightened Despots
Authoritarian leaders who used exercised their political power by the principles of the Enlightenment:
-Catherine the Great of Russia
-Frederick the Great of Prussia
-Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor of Austria
-Maria Theresa of Austria
-Leopold I
-Napoleon Bonaparte
-Napoleon III -
Period: to
War of Spanish Succession
France and Austria, fought over the Spanish throne, Phillip took it and renounced his throne in France. -
Pragmatic Sanction
Issued by Charles VI of HRE, insured his daughter inherited his land. -
Treaty of Utrecht
Ended the War of Spanish Succession -
Enclosure movement
The organization to enclose individual shared of the common to successfully develop new methods -
Period: to
Neoclassicalism
Art that was classical Greek and Roman style. -
Period: to
Rococo
French style of art -
Diplomatic Revolution
Shift of support between England and France to Austria and Prussia. -
Period: to
7 Years war
War between Britain and France in the Americas. British won. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
Started in England, textile industry improved and jobs and urbanization increased. -
The Social Contract
John-Jacques Rousseau, general will and popular soverignty -
Treaty of Paris
France gave up all of their North American land, and gave India to the British. -
Steam Engine
James Watt -
Water Frame
Richard Arkwright -
Period: to
American Revolution
-
"Wealth of Nations"
Written by Adam Smith, about capitalism -
Estates General is called
Ends in the Tennis Court Oath -
Period: to
French Revolution
The period of time when the french people revolted against the monarchy and established a republic. It turned violent and many people were killed and it finally ended under Napoleon. -
Formation of the National Assembly
Third Estates Generals formed this group against the Monarchy -
Tennis Court Oath
Meeting of the National Convention. -
Storming of the Bastille
-
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
Influenced by "Natural Rights" -
Women's March on Versailles
-
Declaration of Pilnitz
Austria and Prussia -
Period: to
Haitian Revolution
Slave rebellion -
Period: to
Hatian Revolution
Slave rebellion against the French -
September Massacres
-
National Convention
Creates the French Republic -
France declares war on Austria, Prussia, and Britain
-
Cottin Gin
Eli Whitney -
Concordant of 1801
France gets the rights to confirm church officials and repoen religious Seminoles in return pope recognized the french government, creates the Napoleonic code -
Napoleon Crowns himself Emperor
-
Period: to
Age of Napoleon
When Napoleon dominated Europe and led France through a series of wars. One most wars and built a large French Empire -
Battle of Austerlitz
Shows Napoleon a military genius -
Congress of Vienna
Meeting that promoted monarchy and a balance of power in europe. -
Period: to
The Hundred Days
Napoleon arrived in paris after escaping elba -
Decembrist Revolt
When army officers wanted a change in government. Prequel to the 1830 revolutions. -
Revolution of 1830
Romantic Revolutions in Poland, Portugal, France, Belgium, and Italy -
Reform Bill of 1832
The house of commons was less representative, pressure from factory owners and merchants, created heavily represented urban areas, doubled the number of voters to include most middle class men and resulted in the house of commons becoming more powerful than the house of lords -
Corn Laws Repealed
removed high tariffs on corn and free trade policy -
Revolutions of 1848
Widespread revolutionary wave in France, German States, Austria, and Italy -
Communist Manifesto
Karl Marx saw horrible working conditions in Mark Engles father's factory -
Period: to
Italian Unification
-
Period: to
German Unification
German states (NOT AUSTRIA) formed under one crown. -
Period: to
Second Industrial Revolution
The second period of Industrial revolution, more focused on steel production and machinery. -
Period: to
Imperialism
When Europe took it upon itself to colonize other countries and social Darwinism was the justification. -
Period: to
Crimean War
-
India Divided
India is divided into two main religious groups. Hindus and Muslims -
Period: to
Franco-Prussian War
France feared Prussian power, fought over a balance of power -
Period: to
Berlin Conferece
Between European Nations, divided up Africa -
Interpretation of Dreams
Freud