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Dec 2, 1309
Babylonian Captivity (1309-1376)
this period in time was when hebrews where help captive for 70 years. the babylonian captivity also damaged papal prestige. since it became unstable and the government wasnt as good, the babylonian captivity left rome poverty-stricken. -
Dec 2, 1337
hundre years' war (1337-1453)
this war was caused by a violation of the treaty of paris (1259). philp was theone who violated the traty and was the reason the war started. the war took place mostly in frace and some lower countries. the significance of the hundred years' war was that it was a french civil war but some of the french supported the english monarchs which centralized the goals for the french crown. -
Dec 2, 1346
Crecy
taking place in northern france, english longbowmen scored victory over franch knights. the significance of crecy was how with the power of the longbow helped the english score victory by blinding showers of arrows,unhorsing the french knights and causing confusion upon them. -
Oct 1, 1347
The Black Death
this plague was one of the most devastating illnesses in human history, wiping out most of the european population. this diease started when a genoese sailor was carring infected rats of his ship.docked in messina in the month of october, the plague started and spread across europe. it went in 2 different forms bubonic and pneumonic. in bubonic the plague was transmitted by flea, in pnuemonic it was spread by human contact ( one person to another). -
Dec 2, 1381
peasant's revolt in england
the revolt had various causes including the economic and politicial tensions generated by the black death, high taxes from the conflict with france during the hundred years war and, instability within local leadership of london. in general the peasants that survived the black death wanted higher taxes but the staute of laborers froze them instead. -
Dec 2, 1454
printing press
through the combined efforts of johann gutenberg,johann fust, and peter schoffer the movable type came to be. the mirror image of each letter, rather than words or phases, where craved into a small block. individual letters,easily movable, were put together to form words; words seperated by blank spaces formed lines of type. since letters could be arranged into any format, an infinite of variety of texts could be printed by reusing and rearranging pieces of type. used for advertisment and bibles -
Dec 2, 1492
1st voyage of columbus
He was a trained sailor and ready to lead. But he needed someone to fund his voyage. Christopher went to the king of Portuguese, Ferdinand. The King immediately said no. Columbus turned to queen Isabella who gladly funded him.On the evening of August 3, 1492, Columbus departed from spain with three ships (Niña, Pinta, and the Santa Maria). In his first journey, Columbus visited the bahamas (thought it was japan) cuba (thought it was china) and hispaniola (found gold). -
Oct 31, 1517
luther's 95 theses
The background to Luther's Ninety-Five Theses centers on practices within the Catholic Church regarding baptism and absolution. the Theses rejected indulgences because luther thought the sale of indulgences was a gross violation and that christians where falsely told that they could find absolution through the purchase of indulgences. -
Dec 2, 1534
Act of Supremacy
this act declared the king and the head of the church of england. this act led to heated debates in the house of commons. The 1534 Act is often taken to mark the beginning of the English Reformation.This Act was repealed in 1554 by King Henry's elder daughter, Queen Mary I. -
Dec 2, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
this peace officially recognized lutheranism. each prince was allowed to determind his territory's religion. most of northern and central germany became lutheran, while the south remained roman catholic. there was still no freedom in religion. -
Peace of Westphalia
catholics continued to believe that calvinist and lutherans could be reconverted; protestants persisted in thinking that the roman church should be destroyed. many people believed that a state could only survuve if its members shared the same faith. catholics and prostants alike feared people of the other faith living in their midst, this peace signaled the end of the medival ideal. -
English Glorious Revolution
this revolution replaced one king with another with a minimum of bloodshed. it also represented the destruction, once and for all, of the idea of divine right monarchy. the revolution established the principle that sovereignty, the ultimate power in the state, was divided between king and parliment and that the king ruled with the consent of the goverened. -
Peace of Utrecht
this peace represented the balance-of-power principle in operation, setting limits on the extent to which any one power. the treaty completed the decline of spain as a great power.it also vastly expanded the british empire. the peace marked the end of french expansionist policy. -
French Revolution (1789-1791)
the american revolution undeniably hastened unheaval in france. yet the french revolution didnt mirror the american rev. the french rev. was more radical and more comlex,more loved and, more hated. for europeans and most of the rest of the world, it was the great revolution of the 18th century, the revolution that opened the modern era in politics. -
Napoleon's downfall (waterloo)
a defated napoleon abdicated his throne. the victoiours allies granted napoleon the island of elba off the coast of italy as his own tiny state. napoleon was able to keep his title and france was required to pay him an income of 2 million francs. napoleon escaped from elba in 1815. landing in france napoleon took comand once again for about 3 months then was once againg defeated by allies and imprisoned on st. helena, a far off island on the west coast of africa. napoleon ended his days here.
