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Period: 1501 to
ANCIEN RÉGIME
Political system preceding to the French Revolution that was characterized by a class society, agrarian subsistence economy and an absolute monarchy of divine origin -
Period: 1501 to
ABSOLUTISM
It was the political sytem used in the Ancien Régime. The king had all the powers. Absolute monarhcs were considered representatives of God in the Earth and people thought his power had divine origin. -
Period: to
ENLGHTENED ABSOLUTISM
Conduct and policies of European absolute monarchs during the 18th and 19th centuries who were influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment, avoiding losing their power -
Period: to
ENGLISH PARLAMENTARISM
It was the political system used in England during the 17th century. In this system, the laws were over the king´s power. This system established the bases of the separation of powers. -
REVOLUTION AGAINST STUART DINASTY
It emerged from a conflict between the king and the bourgeoisie. It ended with the empell of the Stuart dinasty from the throne. -
INDEPENDENCE OF UNITED PROVINCES
The United Provinces independenced from Spain and declared a republic. -
REVOLUTION AGAINST STUART DINASTY
It emerged from a conflict between the king and the bourgeoisie. It ended with the empell of the Stuart dinasty from the throne. -
MONTESQUIEU
Montesquieu was en enlightened French philosopher who developed the theory of separation of powers in his work "The Spirit of Laws" -
BILL OF RIGHTS OF 1689
In it, the king guaranteed a series of rights and liberties. It also declared that the king couldn´t pass the laws. -
VOLTAIRE
He was an enlightened French philosopher who defended the values of freedom and tolerance against religious dogmatisms of the time.He wrote “Candide”. He was famous for his advocacy of civil liberties, includiing freedom of religion and separation of church and state. -
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THE ENLIGHTMENT
It was the philosophical, political, scientific and literary movement that developed in Europe and supposed the importance of reason before the faith -
ROUSSEAU
He was an enlightened Swish philosopher who spread the concept of popular sovereignty and was a great defender of freedom and equality. He wrote “the Social Contract”. -
ADAM SMITH
He was an Scottish economist and philosopher of the Enlightment who is considered the father of modern economy, liberalism and capitalism. He argued against the regulation of trade and defended a free-market economy. He wrote “The Wealth of Nations” -
GEORGE WASHINGTON
He was the first president of the United States and the commander of the revolutionary continental army in the War of Independence of the United States. He is considered one of the founding fathers and led USA to independence. -
JAMES WATT
He was an Scottish mechanical engineer who invented the steam engine. He lived during the middle and the end of the 18th century and the begining of the 19th. His creation became essential for the Industrial Revolution. -
THOMAS JEFFERSON
Third president of the United States who is considered one of the founding fathers. He is the author of the Declaration of Independence (1776). He was a powerful advocate of libertyand a spokesman for democracy. -
CREATION OF THE ENCYCLOPEDIA
It was the most representative work of the Enlightenment that gathered all the knowledge of the time -
LOUIS XVI
He was the last king of France before the fall of monarchy during the French Revolution.He supported colonists in American War of Independence. The National Convention abolished monarchy and declared France a republic. He was found guilty of treason and got executed in the guillotine. -
ROBESPIERRE
He was a French lawyer and politician who was the leader of the Jacobins. He campaigned for universal male suffrage in France nd against the slavery in the French colonies. He became a dictator during the Reign of Terror, eliminating the enemies of the revolution. The intensification of the Reign of Terror and his dictatorship made him unpopular. He was overthrown and executed in the guillotine. -
GEORGE III´S ATTEMPT OF ESTABLISHING TAXES FOR COLONISTS
The king George III tried to establish new taxes for the Thirteen Colonies. However, they refused. -
NAPOLEÓN BONAPARTE
He was a French political and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution. He ruled France from 1799, became emperor in 1804, until 1814. Napoleonic army invaded different European countries, creating the Napoleonic Empire. He spread the liberal ideas of the French. -
TEA ACTS
The English Parliament established them to reserve the monopoly of sell of tea to the British. The colonist, in responsed attacked British boats in the Boston Tea Party. -
Period: to
WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
It was a war against the colonists, leaded by George Washington, and Britain. The colonists won -
VIRGINIA DECLARATION OF RIGHTS
It was wrote by Thomas Jefferson. In it there were declared a national sovereignty, separation of powers and suffrage. -
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES
It was signed by representatives of the Thirteen Colonies and they declared the independence of the United States against Britain. -
GEORGE STEPHENSON
He was an English mechanical engineer who built the first public railway that used a steam engine as a source of power. He is known as the father of the railway. He also completely designed the first modern railway line(Liverpool-Manchester). -
TREATY OF PARIS
It marked the end of the War of Indpendence with the victory of the colonists. -
UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION
It was the first of the history. It declared national soveirignty and separation of powers. -
ESTATES GENERAL
It was convoked to try to solve every complain the estates had. -
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
It was made up by the Third Estate because they consideredthey were the only ones with legitimacy to represent France. -
TENNIS COURT OATH
It was a oath the Third Estate made to giva France a constitution -
FRENCH REVOLUTION
It was a social and political process that took place in France and eventually spread to other countries. In its main consequences is the overthrow of Louis XVI, which marked the end of the Ancien Régime, and with it, the absolute monarchy. -
Period: to
FRENCH REVOLUTION
It was a revolution that happened in France due to social unhapiness, economic crisis and enlightened ideas. -
Period: to
NATIONAL CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
It aproved the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. It came from the Tennis Court Oath, so it wanted a constitution for France. -
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NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
It had to face the opposition of the privilegeds and the king, the declaration of war from Austria and Prussia. In 1792 this assembly destituded the king -
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GIRONDIN CONVENTION
It was the first French republic. It abolished monarchy and was leaded by girondins. -
LOUIS XVI´S EXECUTION
The Girondin Convention judged him and declared him guilty of treason. He got executed in the guillotine. -
Period: to
JACOBIN CONVENTION
It was leaded by Robespierre. He started a dictatorship called the Reign of Terror. He became unpopular and got executed -
Period: to
FRENCH DIRECTORY
It was instaured to avoid a new dictatorship. It aproved national soveirignty, census suffrage and separation of powers. It ended with Napoleon´s putsch -
COUP OF 18 BRUMAIRE
Napoleon leaded it and established a consulate. -
Period: to
FRENCH CONSULATE
In 1799 Napoleon was appointed as consul, in 1802 life consul and in 1804 emperor -
Period: to
NAPOLEONIC EMPIRE
Napoleon built a huge empire all over Europe and he established a continental blockade against Britain. He was defeated by the Coalition against France and abdicated. He came back to power during a oundred days but got defeated in the battle of Waterloo. -
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
He was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th president of the USA. He led USA to American Civil War. He was one of the greatest American leaders. He preserved Union during Civil War and abolished slavery. He died because he was shot. -
PIERRE JOSEPH PROUDHON
He was a French politician and the creator of mutualist economy. He is also considered one of the fathers of the anarquism. -
CONGRESS OF VIENA
Meeting held in Vienna between Great Britain, Russia, Austria and Prussia convened to restore Europe's borders after the defeat of Napoleón. -
MIJAIL BAKUNIN
He was a Russian revolutionary anarquist and te creator of the collectivist anarquism. He is considered one of the most important figures of the anarquism. -
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THE RESTORATION
It was a period in whicch European powers tried to turn Europe into Ancien Régme again -
WATERLOO BATTLE
Napoleon´s lost in it supposed his definitive overthrown. -
KARL MARX
He was a Prussian economist, historian, philosopher, political theorist, sociologist, journalist and revolutionary socialist. He was the creator of the marxism, based on the comunism. -
REVOLTION OF 1820
It happened in Spain, where Riego revolted against King Philip VII. -
FRIEDRICH ENGELS
He was a German philosopher, social scientist, journalist and bussinesman. He was the co-autho (with Karl Marx) of the marxism. In 1845, he published "the condition of the working classes in England", based on personal observations and research in Manchester. -
REVOLUTION OF 1830
It started in France, where Carlos X was overthrown. After that Belgium got the Independence. Poland and some Italian states also tried bu they failed -
THOMAS ALVA EDISON
He was an American bussinesman who is considered the greatest inventor of the United States. He nvented a lot of new devices such as the phonograph, the film camera and the incandescent light bulb. -
REVOLUTION OF 1848
Some of the most important consequences are the instauration of a republic in France and the advance of the liberalism. -
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ITALY´S UNIFICATION
It was leaded by Piamonte´s kingdom. It´s King was Victor Manuel II, it´s prime minister was Cavour and Garibaldi also helped -
Period: to
GERMANY´S UNIFICATION
It was leaded by Prussia. It´s King was William I and it´s prime minister was Bismarck
