Antarctic Explorers

1773

1773

James Cook will become the first person to navigate throughout the Antarctic Circle and proceed to circumnavigate the continent of Antarctica. He does see deposits of rock in icebergs, which proved to Captain Cook that a southern continent exists.

1819 - 1821

1819

A captain in the Russian Imperial (Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen) solid his eyes on the Antarctic continent on 27 January 1820, three days earlier than Edward Bransfield (a captain in the British Royal Navy) sighted land, and ten months earlier than Nathaniel Palmer did in November

1830 - 1840

1830

Individual British, French and American expeditions verify the reputation of Antarctica as a continent after cursing around the non-stop coastline.

1898

1898

In March, Adrien de Gerlache and the crew of the Belgica grow to be trapped in pack ice off the Antarctic Peninsula in their first excursion to the continent. The last crew, thru excessive trouble and on the aspect of insanity, end up the first to live on an Antarctic wintry weather as their ship drifts with the ice.

1901-1904

1901

Captain Robert Falcon Scott, UK, leads his first Antarctic excursion to attempt to attain the South Pole, with Ernest Shackleton and Edward Wilson. They are pressured to flip again two months later having reached 82 stages south, struggling from snow blindness and scurvy.

1907-1909

1907

Shackleton leads a day trip and reaches 88 levels south, the closest to the geographic South Pole to date. He turns again after supplies are exhausted. During the identical expedition, Douglas Mawson reaches the South Magnetic Pole and is in the first birthday celebration to climb Mt Erebus.

1911

Dec 14, 1911

Norwegian, Roald Amundsen leads a five-man day trip that reaches the geographic South Pole for the first time. Scott’s polar celebration arrives numerous weeks later to discover they have been beaten, and tragically perish on the return trip.

1911-1914

1914

Mawson returns to Antarctica to lead the Australasian Scientific Antarctic Expedition, the first to be organised and led by an Australian, pioneering use of plane and radio in Antarctic exploration. In January 1913 Mawson starts offevolved his solo trek lower back to his base after his two companions die. Against all odds Mawson survives.

1914-1917

1917

Shackleton returns to Antarctica in an strive to entire the first crossing of the continent. Their ship is crushed in the sea ice. The excursion makes its way over ice and water to Elephant Island. A small party led with the aid of Shackleton units out in a small boat for South Georgia. The guide party ready on the different aspect of the continent is finally rescued in 1917.

1928

1928

Australian Sir George Wilkins and American Carl Benjamin Eielson are the first to fly over Antarctica around the peninsula region.

1929-1931

1929

Mawson leads the British, Australian and New Zealand excursion that explores and maps the shoreline of what used to be in 1936 to emerge as the Australian Antarctic Territory, protecting 42% of the continent.

1935

1935

Caroline Mikkelsen, Norway, is the first female to set foot, albeit briefly, on Antarctica when she accompanies her husband, Klarius Mikkelsen, a whaling captain.

1957-1958

1957

During the International Geophysical Year of 1957-58, 12 international locations set up 50 stations in Antarctica, the commencing of formal, global cooperation.
The first profitable land crossing by the South Pole is led by using British geologist Vivian Fuchs with New Zealander Edmund Hillary main the back-up party, more than 40 years after Shackleton’s failed attempt.

1959

1959

The Antarctic Treaty is signed 12 countries, consisting of Australia. The treaty comes into impact in 1961 and the first assembly is held in Canberra in awareness of Australia’s effort in negotiations.

1998

1998

Madrid Protocol enters into force, designating Antarctica’s ‘natural reserve devoted to peace and science’ and prohibiting mining in Antarctica.