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1200 BCE
Transition to the Iron Age
Around this time, the late Bronze Age collapses and Mediterranean civilizations begin to develop. There was also a famine in Asia around this time which would lead to migration. -
1000 BCE
Etruscans
Around 1000 BCE the Etruscans move into northern Italy, near the Po Valley. They were considered to be the rivals of the Greeks. -
753 BCE
Start of Rome
Rome was founded by the mythical twins Romulus and Remus at Palatine Hill. -
700 BCE
Etruscans Peak
Around 700 BCE, the Etruscan power peaks and they control northern Italy. -
510 BCE
Cloaca Maxima (Sewers)
Rome constructs the first sewers, helping to remove the swampy water of the area as well as sewage, to help the city expand. -
509 BCE
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic starts in 509 BCE after the last of the seven kings are defeated (Etruscans). -
500 BCE
Roman Forum
The Forum was gradually built over the years, and began being used around 500 BCE. It does have ties with the mythical creators of Rome, with Romulus being buried underneath it. -
500 BCE
Circus Maximus
The Circus Maximus was built in the 6th century for chariot racing and gladiator fighting. It is believed to be the oldest public space in Rome. -
451 BCE
12 Tables
Rome creates an early set of laws and is the first piece of literature to come from Rome. -
387 BCE
Gaul sacks Rome
The first sack of Rome, the Gauls and the Romans met on the River Allia. The Gauls pillaged the city and the remaining Romans, fortified on Capitoline Hill, agreed to pay 1,000 pounds of gold for the Gauls to leave the city. -
Period: 343 BCE to 290 BCE
Samnite Wars
The Samnite Wars, between the Romans and the Samnites, led to the expansion of Roman control over most of the Italian peninsula. -
218 BCE
Second Punic War
Hannibal of Carthage attacks Rome and invades Italy. -
202 BCE
Battle of Zama
The Romans, led by Scipio Africanus, defeated the Carthaginians, who were commanded by Hannibal. It was the last battle of the Second Punic War and ended Carthage's power to oppose Rome. -
146 BCE
3rd Punic War
The Third Punic War was the third and last of the Punic Wars fought between the former Phoenician colony of Carthage and the Roman Republic. Rome won with the help of Scorpio the Younger. -
133 BCE
Tiberius Gracchus Dies
After being a military tribune, quastor, and tribune of the plebs, Tiberius wanted political reform in for the common people of Rome. The rich did not like this, nor the fact that he would veto and block unfavorable laws and money (or that he overthrew Octavious), so when he ran for a second time for tribune, the Senate was unhappy and scared. They were told he wanted the crown and then mobbed and killed him and 300 others. This also lead to the taboo of hurting a tribune to be broken. -
121 BCE
Gaius Gracchus Dies
Picking up the reforms where his brother left off, Gaius was seen as an emotional and explosive politician. He was also a quastor and tribune. He passed retroactive laws and appealed to the poor. He was popular and elected to a second term as tribune. He wanted those not in Rome to also have citizenship but the senate didn't like that. When he was away, the senate turned the poor against Gaius. he ran for a third term but lost. He led a mob to the capital but was arrested and killed.
