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Phenakistocope
The Phenakistocope used a spinning cardboard disc attached vertically to a handle -
zoetrope
The zoetrope consists of a cylinder with slits cut vertically in the sides. On the inner surface of the cylinder is a band with images from a set of sequenced pictures. As the cylinder spins, the user looks through the slits at the pictures across -
Praxinoscope
it used a strip of pictures placed around the inner surface of a spinning cylinder The praxinoscope improved on the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with an inner circle of mirrors -
Zoopraxiscope
The zoopraxiscope is an early device for displaying motion pictures -
Kineoscope
The Kinetoscope was designed for films to be viewed by one individual at a time through a peephole viewer window at the top of the device -
Cinematograph
The first commercial, public screening of cinematographic films happened in Paris on 28 December 1895 -
Translucent paper
In the traditional animation process, animators will begin by drawing sequences of animation on sheets of transparent paper perforated to fit the peg bars in their desks -
Sound in animation
Steamboat Willie is especially notable for being the first Disney cartoon with synchronized sound -
Standardisation of film 24 fps
Experiments with colour films were made as early as the late 19th century, but practical color film was not commercially viable until 1908 -
Computer drawing software
CAD software for mechanical design uses either vector-based graphics to depict the objects of traditional drafting -
CGI animation
Computer animation is essentially a digital successor to the stop motion techniques used in traditional animation with 3D models and frame-by-frame animation
