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Period: to
Animation development
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Thaumatrope
The fisrt thaumatrope was invented by Dr. John Ayrton Paris. This is a toy that consists of a disk with two pieces of strings attached to it. Now, when you spin the disk beetween the strings, the images on the back and front of the disk blends together forming a single image. This technique uses persitance of vision which means that an object(images on the disk) is maped on the eye's retina for a brief time after viewing. This enabled people to see two images blended together. -
The Phenakitstoscope
The Phenakitoscope was invented by Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau. He was a physicist and most importantly he was the first person to demonstrate the illusion of a moving image.The Phenakistoscope which was introduced in 1832 is a counter of rotating disks on a small handle. When these disks are spun, it enables you to see some kind of movement. In order to see the movement of the static drawn images, you have to look through the moving slits.This devise uses the persistence of vision. -
Zoetrope
The first Zoetrope was patented by the British mathematician William George Horner(back in time also used to called "the wheel of the devil". So, what actualy zoetrope is and what it does? It is a device that consists of a cylinder with vertical slits around the sides. Around the inside edge of the cylinder there are series of pictures on the opposit side to the slits. Now, when you spin the cylinder you must look through the slits in order to view the illusion of motion. -
Zoopraxiscope
This devise was invented by the British photographer Eadweard Muybridge and was first shown in 1879. This was in a way a pritive version of later motion picture. This device worked on a principle of showing sequence of still photographs in rapid succession. -
Flick Book
A Flick book is a book that consists of many images located on the edges of the book. Each page has its unique image. Each page captures different movement and this allows us to actually see some kind of motion. The technique that flick books use is so called "rotoscoping". This is when you re-drawing live action images on paper in order to capture natural motion. Flick books are basically pritive form of animation, they rely on persistance of vision. -
Kinetoscope
This device was patented Thomas Edison. The kinetoscope was a device that conveyed a strip of perforated film which had images on them over a light source with a high speed shutter in it. The images were then projected through a window on the cabinet the components were housed in. This was designed for films to be seen individually. This device was one of their first kind which demonstrated synchronised sound and pictures. -
Theatre Optique
This devise was a combination of praxinoscope with a projector. Emile Charles – Emile Reynaud was the person, who invented this device as well as patented it. With this device, the first presentation of projected moving images was enabled to present it to an audience. -
Vitascope
This motion picture was invented by two animation and movie enthusiasts Charles Francis Jenkins and Thomas Armat in the year 1895. This device had a massive influence on all subsequent projectors. Although, Jenkins had already invented a device for viewing motion pictures which he called the Phantoscope. This was a variant on the Edison Kinetoscope. Whit this experience the two enthusiasts were able to develop a projecting version of the Phantoscope.Renamed to Vitascope(1896). -
Warner Bros
Warner Bros. Pictures was created some when around 1918 (incorporated 1923) by the four Warner brothers. These brothers were called the following names: Albert Warner, Harry Warner, Sam Warner and Jack Warner. It is still a successful company nowadays. The company produces music entertainment, TV serials and Films. One of their most famous works that I’m sure we all know of is Superman, The Shining and many, many more. -
Walt Disney
Walter Elias Disney was born on 5/12/1901 and later passed away on 15/12/1966. This amazing person was an American who had a lot of professional roles in his business. He was the director, producer, screenwriter, animator, voice actor, entrepreneur and philanthropist. Walt Disney animation studios were funded in 1923 by the two brothers Walt and Roy Disney. In 1937, Walt Disney Studios released its first feature film that was fully animated. This film is called “Snow white and the seven dwarfs” -
The first paper cutout animation
The first cutout animation was introduced in 1926. The name is “The Adventures of Prince Achmed”. This animation used armatured cut-outs and backgrounds which were variously painted or composed of blown sand and even soap. So, what is a Cutout animation? It is a technique for producing animation using flat characters, props and backgrounds cut from materials such as paper, card board, stiff fabric or even photos. The very first surviving animated feature was produced using a form of cutout anim. -
The first animated cartoon to feature synchronized sound
Steamboat Willie is a short animated film directed by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks(1928). This movie was produced in black and white by The Walt Disney Studio. This short animated film is famous for its synchronised sound, it was the first cartoon to feature a fully post-produced sountrack. -
The fisrt graphical computer game
The picture which you can see on the left hand side of this table is a simulation of a Tic-Tac-Toe game programmed in 1952 by A.S Douglas.Douglas at that time was passing his PhD degree at the University of Cambridge and the reason why hi programmed this game was because of his dissertation about Human Computer interaction at the University.The game was played against the machine and the player had the power to determinate who played first (EDSAC/USER). Operated with mechanical telephone dialer. -
Hanna-Barbera
This was an animation company which dominated North America TV. Hanna-Barbera was first formed in 1957(called H-B Enterprises). Company was renamed to Hanna-Barbera Productions in 1959. Hanna-Barbera was a really successful company as they produced famous animated TV programmes such as, Scooby Doo, The Flintstones, Yogi Bear, Wacky Races and many more along with creating several feature films. -
2D Bitmap Graphics
Bitmap images are made up of pixels in a grid, these are small dots of colours which together form what is seen on the computer. Bitmap images are also known as raster images. Bitmap graphics are dependent on resolution. What resolution actually is, is the amount of pixels that are in an image, this is seen as dots per inch (dpi) or pixels (ppi). Common bitmap formats are such as, BMP (bitmap file format), GIF (Graphics Interchange format), JPG/JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group, PSD. -
2D Vector Graphics
This is a digital technique for creating 2D animations just like 2D Bitmap graphics.Unlike Bitmap graphics the vector graphics are made up of many mathematical equations rather than pixels which enable the vectors to be always at the highest quality possible. This particular graphical technique uses points, lines, curves and shapes (also known as geometrical primitives) to represent images in computer graphics. A vector image is mainly made up of paths and nodes.
