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1206
Genghis Khan begins Mongol Conquest
Genghis Khan held a meeting with representatives from each territory and established a nation similar to Mongolia, where he ruled over 1 million people. He used these people on his conquest. Khan's first attack was against a kingdom in China. After faking a surrender, the Mongols attacked the Xia Xia kingdom and won. throughout the conquest, Khan attacked Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Iran.
(https://www.history.com/topics/china/genghis-khan)
Picture (https://www.thoughtco.com) -
1215
King John signs the Magna Carta
John became king after his brother, Richard, died. His reign was considered a failure. King John signed a charter that gave specific privileges to the barons and freedom of the church. The Magna Carta was a failure and civil war broke out. King John ignored his duties under the charter. Today, the Magna Carta is known for its constitutional development of England.
Picture and Info (https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/magna-carta-sealed) -
1235
West African Kingdom of Mali emerges
The Mali empire extended beyond Kangaba after Sumanguru was defeated by Sundiata. In the 14th century, Muslim traders of Mali were active through West Africa. The Mali empire outgrew its political and military strengths with many rebelling in the process. Certain people of Mali would harass their leader and Mali later became nonimportant.
(https://www.britannica.com/place/Mali-historical-empire-Africa)
Picture (https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/empire-mali-1230-1600) -
1275
Marco Polo arrives in China
Marco Polo set out with his father and uncle for Asia, where they remained until 1295 to recruit the local priests. They were only able to recruit 2 priests, who returned home shortly after. This voyage provided the western world with a clear view of the geography and ethnics of the East.
(https://www.biography.com/explorer/marco-polo)
Picture (http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat2/4sub8/item47.html) -
1285
England conquers Wales
The Conquest of Wales resulted in the annexation of the Principality of Wales by King Edward I. Wales was divided between the Welsh and the Anglo-Norman. Between 1277 and 1283, Edward reduced the territory occupied by the Welsh natives. Then, King Edward completely overran the principality of wales and the land became royal fief.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_Wales_by_Edward_I_of_England)
Picture (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_Wales_by_Edward_I_of_England) -
1295
Model Parliament assembled under Edward I
Model Parliament assembled by Edward I became known as the first representative parliament. This parliament included archbishops, bishops, proctors, and archdeacons. Lower clergies were represented by two proctors from each diocese. The king called this parliament because he was looking for financial support for the wars in Scotland and France.
(https://www.britannica.com/topic/Model-Parliament)
Picture (https://www.channel3000.com/lifestyle/the-secrets-of-hungarys-parliament-building/943984065) -
1300
Renaissance begins in northern Italy
The Renaissance started in Florence, Italy with a powerful family called the Medici family, a family that ruled over Florence for over 60 years. Italian writers, artists, politicians, etc. revoluted in hopes of having a different experience than that of the Dark Ages. This movement expanded to Venice, Milan, Bologna, Ferrara, and Rome. This resulted in rebirth after Dark Ages.
(https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/renaissance)
Picture (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Renaissance) -
1301
Edward II becomes first Prince of Wales
In 1301, Edward II became the first Prince of Wales given to him by his father, Edward I. In 1307, Edward I died and Edward II became king due to his three older brothers dying earlier. A man by the name of Piers Gaveston was banished by Edward I to France for being a bad influence on his son. Edward II recalled him and gave him the earldom of Cornwall.
(http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures)
Picture (https://www.historyextra.com/period/medieval/kings-and-queens-in-profile-edward-ii/) -
1325
Aztecs establish Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan was built on an island on Lake Texcoco with canals and causeways. An education system was created where every neighborhood had a school to educate the youth. Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco became the top two sites for trade. Tenochtitlan also came up with its own writing language called pictorial. This writing contained abstract markings.
(http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/edward_ii_king.shtml)
Picture (https://www.thoughtco.com/the-aztec-capital-city-of-tenochtitlan-167271) -
1337
Hundred Year's War with France
The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts between England and France over the succession of the French throne. This war ended after 116 years and many major battles took place during this time. During this war, there was the development of military strategies and technology. This is known as the military revolution.
(https://www.historyextra.com/period/medieval/7-facts-about-the-hundred-years-war/)
Picture (https://www.historyextra.com/period/medieval/7-facts-about-the-hundred-years-war/) -
1347
Bubonic Plague reaches Europe
The Bubonic Plague was causes by fleas that were on rats that got to Europe through ships. The disease quickly spread and in a span of three years it wiped out one third of Europe.
Picture (https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-diseases/the-plague/) -
1375
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight composed
The Story of the Green Knight paying a visit to King Arthur is written.
Picture (http://nicolequinnnarrates.blogspot.com/2013/05/sir-gawain-and-green-knight.html) -
1387
Chaucer begins The Canterbury Tales
Geoffrey Chaucer begins writing The Canterbury Tales written in Middle English and contains 24 stories.
Picture (https://www.amazon.com/Canterbury-Tales-Feathers-Classics-ebook/dp/B079C35H1D) -
1420
Earliest surviving Paston letter written
These personal letters written between the Norfolk family are the oldest record of private correspondence in English that survive in Britain.
Picture (https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2015/04/the-paston-letters-go-live.html) -
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1431
Joan of Arc burned at the stake
Joan of Arc nicknamed "The maid of Orleans", is considered a heroine in France during the 100 years war, she led the French army to victory over the English in Orleans. She was captured by the English, went through a trial and found guilty of 70 crimes including witchcraft and dressing like a man and was burned at the stake at the age of 19.
https://www.biography.com/military-figure/joan-of-arc
Picture (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joan_of_arc_burning_at_stake.jpg) -
1453
Ottomans conquer Constantinople
The fall of Constatinpole was the capture of the capitol city by an invading Ottoman army on the Sunday of Pentecost May 29, 1953. https://www.britannica.com/event/Fall-of-Constantinople-1453 Picture (https://www.ancient.eu/article/1180/1453-the-fall-of-constantinople/) -
1455
Gutenberg Bible produced on printing press
Johann Gutenberg produced the first bible in the Latin language in Mainz, Germany.
http://www.gutenberg-bible.com/#targetText=Johann%20Gutenberg%20holds%20the%20distinction,%2C%20printed%20in%20Mainz%2C%20Germany.
Picture (https://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-gutenberg-bible) -
1476
Modern English develops first printing press in Britain
English merchant William Caxton introduced the first printing press in England, it was used to print books in modern English.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Caxton#targetText=William%20Caxton%20(c.%201422%20%E2%80%93,English%20retailer%20of%20printed%20books.
(https://www.psprint.com/resources/printing-press/) -
1485
William Caxton prints Le Morte D'Arthur
Le Morte D'Arthur is the story about King Arthurs death.
Picture (https://www.abebooks.com/Morte-DArthur-Thomas-Malory-Gramercy/22540791997/bd)
