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Sputnik was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched into a low earth orbit by the Soviet Union. It orbited for three weeks for the batteries ran out.
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A dog named Laika was the first animal to make an orbital spaceflight around the earth.
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The Explorer 1 was the first satellite sent in space by the USA.
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NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA is a U.S. government agency that is responsible for science and technology related to air and space.