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Ancient Rome

By phoebe nolan
  • Period: 86 BCE to 53 BCE

    Crassus

    Marcus Licinius Crassus was commonly referred to as the 'richest man in Rome'. He was both a Roman political and military leader. He commanded an army for Sulla in 83 bc, amassed a vast personal fortune, and raised and led the troops who defeated the slave rebellion of Spartacus in 7. Alongside this, formed the First Triumvirate with Julius Caesar and Pompey to challenge effectively the power of the Senate. He notably achieved the highest military honour of killing an enemy king.
  • Period: 70 BCE to 52 BCE

    Pompey

    Pompey ruled alongside Crassus and Caesar in 60-53 BCE and died in 48 BCE. Pompey got elected 3 separate times; 70 BCE, 55 BCE and 52 BCE. Pompey had a great impact on Rome, which includes: restoring Rome's control over Spain and quelling the Spartacus slave revolt. Most importantly, Pompey eradicated piracy from the Mediterranean, ensuring Rome's undisputed mastership over the inner sea. His legions extended Rome's reach to the East, taking Asia Minor, Syria, and Palestine.
  • Period: 46 BCE to 44 BCE

    Julius Caesar

    Julius Caesar was a Roman general and politician who named himself dictator of the Roman Empire, a rule that lasted less than one year before he was famously assassinated by political rivals in 44 B.C. He wielded his power to enlarge the senate, created needed government reforms, and decreased Rome’s debt. At the same time, he sponsored the building of the Forum Iulium and rebuilt two city-states, Carthage and Corinth. He also granted citizenship to foreigners living within the Roman Republic.
  • Period: 43 BCE to 30 BCE

    Marc Antony

    Mark Antony was a Roman general and politician who assisted Julius Caesar in his rise to dictatorship and took on the role of leader after Caesar's assassination. He was instrumental in the collapse of the Roman Republic since he held supreme power with the Second Triumvirate after defeating Caesar's assassins. When Caesar's heir defeated Antony in the Battle of Actium, Octavian became the sole ruler of Rome. Prior he served with distinction as a cavalry commander in Judaea and Egypt.
  • Period: 27 BCE to 14

    Octavian (Augustus)

    Augustus was the first emperor of ancient Rome. Augustus came to power after the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE. In 27 BCE Augustus “restored” the republic of Rome, though he himself retained all real power as the princeps, or “first citizen,” of Rome. This marked the beginning of his reign and lasted till 14 AD. He passed laws to encourage marital stability and renew religious practices. He instituted a system of taxation and a census while also expanding the network of Roman roads.
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    Battle of Teutoburg Forest

    Battle of Teutoburg Forest
    This battle was caused due to conflict between the Roman Empire (led by Publius Quinctilius Varus) and Germanic insurgents. In the end, the Germans won; this struck fear into the hearts of the Romans. The historian Suetonius writes that Augustus went months without cutting his beard or hair—a sign of mourning in Roman religious tradition. The Battles of the Teutoburg Forest have been seen as a pivotal event resulting at the end of Roman expansion into northern Europe.
  • Period: 14 to 37

    Tiberius

    Tiberius was the second Roman emperor. He reigned from AD 14 until 37, succeeding his stepfather, the first Roman emperor Augustus. While he ruled he improved the civil service and restored Rome's financial condition. However, Tiberius lacked Augustus' natural rapport with the Senate and he became increasingly unpopular. Alongside this, His brilliant military career helped carry out the expansion of the Roman empire along the Danube and into modern-day Germany.
  • Period: 37 to 41

    Caligula

    Caligula became the co-emperor of the Roman Empire with Tiberius' son Gemellus. Caligula, however, soon came to be the lone ruler with the death of Gemellus. Before his illness and abolished unnecessary taxes, improved infrastructure, and public transportation, and gave aid to many who had been wronged by Tiberius, most importantly he successfully oversaw the completion of important Roman buildings. Alongside this, he set in motion the conquest of Britain.
  • Period: 41 to 54

    Claudius

    Claudius was the fourth Roman emperor from 41 to 54 A.D. While he ruled, Claudius expanded citizenship to all provinces of the Roman Empire during his reign, and the population of the empire grew by at least 1 million citizens (or free adult males) since the death of Augustus in 14 AD. Claudius worked hard at his job. he made major improvements to Rome's judicial system, passed laws protecting sick slaves, extended citizenship and increased women's privileges.
  • Period: 54 to 68

    Nero

    Nero ascended to power in AD 54 aged just 16 and died at 30. He ruled at a time of great social and political change, overseeing momentous events such as the Great Fire of Rome and Boudica's rebellion in Britain. During the early years of Nero's reign, he lowered taxes and made positive changes to slavery laws. One of the most notable events that occurred during the later years was the burning of Rome in 64 A.D.
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    The Battle of Watling Street

    The Battle of Watling Street
    This battle was fought between the Romans and the British. In this final decisive battle of Boudica's revolt against Roman rule in Britain, a large British force was routed by the heavily outnumbered Romans, under the command of Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, causing the romans to win. The battle marked the end of resistance to Roman rule in southern Britain, which was to last until 410.
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    Siege of Masada

    Siege of Masada
    the Roman governor of Judaea, Lucius Flavius Silva, led Roman legion X Fretensis, a number of auxiliary units and Jewish prisoners of war to lay siege to the 960 people in Masada. Ultimately, the Romans won this battle by constructing a ramp leading up to the base of the peak where the zealots had taken refuge. The siege of Masada was a pivotal event in the First Jewish-Roman War as it brought an end to the first revolt by the Jewish people against the Roman Empire in Roman-controlled Judea.
  • Period: 101 to 106

    Dacian Wars

    The Dacian Wars (101–102, 105–106) were two military campaigns fought between the Roman Empire and Dacia during Emperor Trajan's rule. Dacian Wars marked a triumph for Rome and its armies. The conflicts were triggered by the increasing need for resources in the economy of the Empire and Dacian threats. Trajan announced 123 days of celebrations throughout the Empire. Dacia's rich gold mines were secured and, the new province donated 700 million denarii annually to the treasury of Rome.
  • Period: 117 to 138

    Hadrian

    Hadrian was the Roman emperor from 117 to 138. He was a powerful ruler dedicated to strengthening his empire. Hadrian oversaw several important architectural projects, including the Temple of Venus and Rome and Hadrian's Wall. Hadrian, at least restored or rebuilt two Augustus monuments. Temple of Mars (Augustus Forum) and Pantheon (Campus Martius). He also designed and built the Temple of Venus and Rome and his own mausoleum. 
  • Period: 161 to 180

    Marcus Aurelius

    Marcus Aurelius was the last of the Five Good Emperors of Rome. His reign marked the end of an era of calm and good government. After his death, the empire rapidly plunged into civil war. It symbolised the golden age of the Western Roman Empire for generations. His greatest achievement as emperor was his ability to hold the empire together during the Roman Empire's first real pandemic, the Parthian and Germanic Wars. 
  • Period: 166 to 180

    Marcomannic Wars

    the Roman Empire fought against, the Germanic Marcomanni, Quadi and Sarmatian Iazyges caused by the pressure of the northern neighbours searching for new areas to settle and Ultimately, the Roman empire won this battle when Marcus Aurelius' son ended the war. Following the Wars, Rome's interference in the Marcomanni and Quadi increased. Their choice of ruler needed Rome's approval, and restrictions were imposed on political life. Assemblies were forbidden unless under Rome's strict control.
  • Period: 198 to 217

    Caracella

    Carracella's most important achievements were his Colossal baths in Rome and the 212 edict that granted Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the empire. Caracalla, whose rule contributed to the fall of the empire, was often regarded as one of the most bloodthirsty tyrants in Roman history.During the Renaissance, the Baths of Caracalla were the inspiration for a variety of magnificent buildings. became a ration. 
  • Period: 280 to 337

    Constantine

    Constantine ruled during a major transitional period of the Roman Empire. His acceptance of Christianity and the later establishment of the eastern capital that bears his name marks his reign as a major turning point between ancient history and the Middle Ages. In 330 AD, he split the empire between his two. The western half was centred in Rome and the eastern half was in Constantinople, which he named after himself.