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753 BCE
Founding of Rome
on April 21, 753 B.C., Romulus and his twin brother, Remus, found Rome on the site where they were suckled by a she-wolf as orphaned infants. Actually, the Romulus and Remus myth originated sometime in the fourth century B.C., and the exact date of Rome’s founding was set by the Roman scholar Marcus Terentius Varro in the first century B.C. -
264 BCE
1st Punic war
The first punic war was a war against the Carthaginians. this nearly 20 year war was fought to take control over Sicily. The Romans knew they could not beat the Carthaginians due to their weak navy. So they made it much stronger and beat the carthaginians for Sicily. -
218 BCE
2nd Punic war
The 2nd Punic war was caused when the Carthaginians wanted revenge on the Romans. The Great carthaginian general Hannibal was the leader of the army of about 20,000 infantry and 6,000 calvary. He took his army over the alps which caused him to lose many men. The Romans decided to attack and it caused them to lose an army of about 40,000 men. The Romans built another fleet and by 206 BC the carthaginians were forced out of spain. -
149 BCE
3rd Punic war
The third and last of these wars fought between the romans and carthage. At this point The romans wanted complete destruction of the carthaginian empire. -
60 BCE
The 1st Triumvirate
"In 60 B.C the First Triumvirate was formed by Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey." Pompey was a war hero, Crassus was the most wealthiest man in Rome, and Caesar was a commander in Spain. Although the Triumvirate consisted of powerful men it fell apart in 53 B.C when Crassus died in battle. The leading senate then decided to give Pompey full leadership, but Caesar refused to step down from his position. Caesar took his army and started a civil war in Rome, which he won becoming dictator in 45 B.C. -
43 BCE
The 2nd Triumvirate
In 43 B.C a new Triumvirate was formed by Octavian, heir and grandnephew to Caesar, Antony Caesar's ally and assistant, and Lepidus, the commander of Caesar's army. Although there were three rulers, Antony and Octavian divided the empire. Octavian seized the West, while Antony took the East, the two rulers got caught up in a power struggle -
31 BCE
The Age of Augustus
In 27 B.C Octavian became the first emperor, but bestowed the senate some power to form a pseudo republic. The Senate gave Octavian the title Augustus, which meant "The Revered One", he also gained the title Imperator. Under the rule of Augustus 28 legions, and auxiliary forces were used as an army, and a Praetorian Guard was established to protect the emperor. Augustus expanded the Roman Empire by conquering many areas, but failed to conquer Germany and realized that Rome wasn't all powerful -
40
The Gospels
The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John were written between 40 A.D. and 100 A.D." The first four books of the New Testament are called the Gospels. The Gospels were named Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. The Gospels taught the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. The Gospel of John is important to the accurate dates, because it was the oldest Gospel written. -
80
Roman Colosseum Opens
The Colosseum was the most famous amphitheater. It could seat 50,000 people. Emperor Titus inaugurated the Colosseum in A.D. 80. Gladiatorial games were held in the Colosseum. The opening of the Colosseum changed entertainment in Rome. It was like a huge update. -
96
Five Good Emperors
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Period: 96 to 180
The "Five Good Emperors" of the Pax Romana
Nerva reformed land laws in favor of the poor; revised taxation. Trajan expanded the empire to its greatest extent; implemented the construction of many public works. Hadrian constructed Hadrian's Wall in Britain; erected many fine buildings; codified Roman law. Antonius Pius promoted art and science, the construction of public works, legal reform, and new provisions for orphans. Marcus Aurelius helped unify the empire economically; made legal reforms. -
313
Constantine the 1st Christian Emperor
Constantine ruled from 306 to 337 A.D. When Constantine became the 1st Christian emperor, Christianity prospered like never before. In 313 he issued the Edict of Milan which proclaimed official tolerance of christianity. Christianity became the new state religion. -
Period: 378 to 476
Fall of the Roman Empire
In 378 the Visigoths defeated the Romans in Adrianople. In 410 the Visigoths sacked Rome and in 455 the Vandals sacked Rome. In 476, Romulus Augustulus, the Western Roman Emperor, was deposed by the head of the Germanic army. -
476
Fall of Rome
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Roman Literature
In the Augustan Age Literature flourished. The most highly esteemed and honored poet that defined literature in the Augustan Age was Virgil. Virgil wrote the Aeneid, which focused on the the leader Aeneas. Another famous writer in the Augustan Age was Horace would find humor in the weaknesses of mankind and comment about the common sins that humans would embrace.
