Ancient Rome

By bonniesmithhh
  • 753 BCE

    Founding of Rome (Start of AOS1)

  • Period: 753 BCE to 146 BCE

    Ancient Rome AOS 1

    Founding of Rome to end of Third Punic War
  • Period: 753 BCE to 509 BCE

    Period of Kings in Rome

  • 508 BCE

    509 Revolution

    Rape of Lucretia and the Revolution of 509 BCE
    Rome concludes a treaty with Carthage
    Temple of Jupiter completed
  • 496 BCE

    Battle of Lake Regillus

  • 494 BCE

    First Seccession

    Start of the Conflict of the Orders- Creation of Tribune of the Plebians
  • Period: 494 BCE to 287 BCE

    Conflict of the Orders

  • Period: 451 BCE to 450 BCE

    Twelve Tables

    Publishing of Roman Laws
  • Period: 405 BCE to 396 BCE

    Seige of Veii

  • 404 BCE

    Rome invades North Africa

  • 390 BCE

    Sack of Rome by the Gauls

    creates long lasting hatred between Rome and Gauls- hannibal would use this
    rome pays gauls to leave
  • 367 BCE

    Leges Liciniae Sextiae Law

    Plebians eligible for consul
  • 342 BCE

    Genucian Law

    At least 1 out of 2 consuls had to be Plebian
  • Period: 328 BCE to 302 BCE

    Second Samnite War

  • 326 BCE

    Abolishing of debt slavery

  • 321 BCE

    Battle of Caudine Forks

  • 300 BCE

    Lex Ongullia

    Plebians had access to pontiffs and taugurs (priesthoods) but most priesthoods still solely for patricians
  • 287 BCE

    Hortensian Law

    Plebian Council no longer needed senatorial approval to pass legislation that were binding on the whole community - End of Conflict of Orders
  • Period: 280 BCE to 275 BCE

    War with Pyrrhus

    • Rome gained international recognition
    • Rome's ability to keep rebounding from defeats due to huge reserves of man power -> how successful and inclusive Rome's style of conquest was
  • 279 BCE

    Battle of Asculum

    Rome loss - Pyrrhic War
  • 275 BCE

    Battle of Beneventum

    Marks that Rome won Pyrrhic War
  • Period: 264 BCE to 241 BCE

    First Punic War

    Rome wins
    Rome acquires first province in Sicily and Carthage is forced to pay 3,200 talents of silver to Rome
    Rome extended its territory overseas and gained valuable sources of grain in Sicily
    Rome learnt how to build ships and fight at sea
    Barca family of Carthage became sworn enemies of Rome- this hatred would transfer over to Hannibal Barca and who led the Second PW
  • 261 BCE

    Rome finds Carthaginian ships and builds a corvus

  • 219 BCE

    Siege of Sangtum

    Triggers Second Punic War
    Reveals both Rome and Carthage would take action to protect their interests
  • 218 BCE

    Battle of Trebia

    Rome losses and suffers 15,000 deaths
  • Period: 218 BCE to 202 BCE

    Second Punic War

  • 217 BCE

    Battle of Lake Trasimene

    Rome losses and suffers 30,000 deaths
  • 216 BCE

    Battle of Cannae

    Rome losses and suffers 75,000 deaths
  • 202 BCE

    Battle of Zama

    Scipio Africanus defeats Hannibal Barca - treaty of zama ends spw-
  • Period: 149 BCE to 146 BCE

    Third Punic War

    • Immediate cause 151 BCE: Carthage attacks Numidia (Roman Ally)
    • Complete destruction of Carthage
  • 147 BCE

    Rome gains upperhand with arrival of Scipio Aemilianus

    • Hereditary leader
  • 146 BCE

    Defeat and destruction of Carthage and Corinth (Conquest of Greece) (Ends AOS1)

    End of 3pw
    - brutal massacre
    - 50,000 carthaginian survivors enslaved
    - carthage plundered and burned
    - rome cemented as dominant superpower in mediterranean
    - tested rome's existing administrative structures and availability of qualified personel to govern an extended victory
    - rome gained territory and client kingdoms in africa
    - mass slavery provided labour for latifundia and other farms
    - growth of luxurious lifestyle among romans undermines roman values
  • Period: 135 BCE to 133 BCE

    Slave war in Sicily

  • 133 BCE

    Death of Tiberius Gracchus (Start of AOS2)

    Set a precedent for bypassing the Senate and taking legislation to the Tribunes - Caesar + Pompey
    - situation created opportunities for future generals to gain client armies by organising land grants to veterans ->
    - actions invited a belief that the senate's existing order could be challenged
    key turning point in politics: Senate introduced violence into political affairs to deal with tiberius and his followers -> creating a volitle and explosive enviroment

    undermined constitutional laws
  • Period: 133 BCE to 23 BCE

    Ancient Rome AOS 2

    Death of Tiberius Gracchus to Second Settlement of Augustus
  • 122 BCE

    First Tribunate of Gaius Gracchus

    • proposed vast program of legislation for citizienship and both judicial and land reform
    • sought to establish colonies and establish corn handouts
    • his compitence and ambitious program of reforms and legislation unnnerved oligarchy
    • thrid attempt at tribune unsuccessful
    • sought revenge for his brother
    • senate learned how to tackle challenges - supported trubynes to challenge gaius
    • ongoing disputes between emerging populares and optimates factions -> factional warefare 120s-110s BCE
  • 121 BCE

    Death of Gaius Gracchus

  • 107 BCE

    First consulship of Marius

  • 104 BCE

    Teuton and Cimbri tribes defeat Roman armies

  • 103 BCE

    Defeat of the tribes by Marius

  • Period: 91 BCE to 88 BCE

    The Social War

    fought between the Roman Republic and it's Italian allies; eventually leads to the Romanisation of Italy
  • 88 BCE

    Sulla's First March on Rome

  • 82 BCE

    Sulla's Second March on Rome

  • Period: 80 BCE to 79 BCE

    Sulla's Dictatorship and Proscriptions

    Proscriptions
    Restoration of Senatorial Power
    Brutal Regime
    Proscriptions - Antony and Octavian would later copy in Second Triumvirate
    Marching on Rome- Caesar and Pompey would copy
  • Period: 72 BCE to 71 BCE

    Slave revolt led by Spartacus

  • 62 BCE

    Pompey's settlement of the East

  • Period: 60 BCE to 56 BCE

    First Triumvirate

    Caesar, Crassus and Pompey
  • 59 BCE

    Lex Vatinia: Caesar gains a 5-year command in Gaul

  • Period: 58 BCE to 50 BCE

    Gallic Wars

    Caesar's Gallic Wars
    - Caesar gains priestege and super rich - could pay off debts and secured funds to bribe and control magistracies
    - Hero of Rome
    - started trend of standing office while absent from rome
    - gained army that was staunchly loyal to him and battlehardned
    - secured proconsulship in gaul -> enabled him to gain loot to pay off his debts, gain glorias and loyal army
  • 57 BCE

    Riots of Clodius and Milo in Rome

  • 54 BCE

    Death of Julia (Caesar's daughter, Pompey's wife)

    One reason for collapse of first triumvirate
  • 53 BCE

    Death of Crassus at Carrhae

    reason for end of first triumvirate
  • 52 BCE

    Sole Consulship of Pompey, siege of Alesia and surrender of Vercingetorix to Julius Caesar

  • 49 BCE

    Caesar crossing the Rubicon River

  • Period: 49 BCE to 45 BCE

    Caesar's Civil War

    Caesar v Pompey
  • 48 BCE

    Battle of Pharsalus; death of Pompey

  • 44 BCE

    Assasination of Julius Caesar

  • 44 BCE

    Adoption of Augustus by Julius Caesar, Caesar proclaimed dictator for life

  • 43 BCE

    Battle of Munda; end of the Civil Wars

  • Period: 43 BCE to 33 BCE

    Second Triumvirate

    Legally enshrined
    Mark Antony, Octavian, Lepidius
  • 42 BCE

    Battle of Phillipi

  • 36 BCE

    Defeat of Sextus Pompeius; Lepidus removed from the Second Triumvirate

  • 34 BCE

    Donations of Alexandria

  • 32 BCE

    Octavian reads Mark Antony's 'will' to the Senate

    masterstroke of Propaganda while Mark is seeking glorias in the east
  • 29 BCE

    Battle at Actium

    Mark Antony + Cleopatra v Augustus.
    Mark Antony and Cleopatra flee
    Mark Antony navy captured
    Augustus wins and is hailed a hero
  • 27 BCE

    Commencement of the Principate of Augustus; First Settlement of Augustus

    Nationalised army making state responsible for compensating soldiers after years of sservice
    Revised senate membership
    octivian disguished his power under the guise of traditional office holding
  • 23 BCE

    The Second Settlement of Augustus (End of AOS2)