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200
BC Tools and Technology
[Library. thinkquest]( www.library.think.com)the Ancient Egyptian changed bronze tools to iron tools in 200 BC. It was very similar in density and weight. They used iron because the tin needed to make bronze could no longer be used. With iron the Ancient Egyptians built great monuments and palaces but it took them a lot longer than it would take a civilization today because we have better tools than they did. -
Period: 200 to 332
Ptolemaic Period
Period before the Roman Period. Dynasties 32&33
Actually occured 332-30 BC -
Period: 332 to Jan 1, 747
Late Period
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Jan 1, 600
BC The Merkhet developed (Tech.)
The merkhet is the oldest known astronomical tool. It was developed by Egyptians around 600 BC. They used two merkhets to establish a north-south line by lining them up with the Pole Star. After they did that they used it to mark off nighttime hours by determining when certain other stars crossed the meridian. -
Period: Nov 13, 747 to Nov 13, 1069
Third Intermediate Period
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Jan 1, 1000
Coins entered Economy (Eco)
Around 1000 BC was when coins finally began to be used for trade. Before this time, coins weren't used anywhere. Exchanges/trades were concluded using the values of services or commodities. Often times it was grain. The beginning use of coins was a high step, to modern life. -
Period: Jan 1, 1069 to Jan 1, 1550
New Kingdom
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Jan 1, 1500
BC Shadow clock/sun dial (Tech.)
The Egyptian shadow clock or sundial, was probably the first portable timepiece. The thing divided a sunlit day into 10 parts plus two "twilight hours" in the morning and evening. When the long stem was positioned east and west in the morning, an elevated crossbar on the east end casted a moving shadow over the marks. It also turned in the opposite direction to measure the afternoon time. -
Period: Jan 1, 1550 to
Second Intermediate Period
The period between the Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom. -
Period: to
Middle Kingdom
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Egyptian Number System (Eco.)
The development of the Egyptian number system was very important to Egyptians. They used their numbers for everything. From building their pyramids to the scribes keeping track of everything (argicultural). Not many people in Ancient Egypt were educated with how to write numbers and do math, though. It was mostly the scribes that knew this stuff. -
Period: to
First Intermediate Period
The period between Old Kingdom and middle Kingdom. -
Period: to
Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt
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BC Cult of Osiris becomes widespread (religion)
In the beginning, Osiris was associated mostly with agriculture. This cult spread rapidly into Upper Egypt, and soon Osiris became identified with the funeral god, Abydos. Osiris became known as Osiris Khenti-Ame. Abydos would become a cult center for Osiris, god of the underworld. A temple dedicated to him flourished at Abydos, and every year a great procession was held that would see an image of Osiris carried to a tomb that was believed to be his. -
BC The Great Sphinx (Religion)
The Great Sphinx is a statue that acts as a guardian for the Great Tombs (Pyramids). It was most likely sculpted out of un wanted mounds of limestones. It stands on the Giza plateau. The face of the Sphinx is generally believed to represent the face of the Pharaoh Khafra, and the body of a lion. -
BC Pyramids of Giza (Religion)
The largest of the three stone pyramids of Giza was built for the pharaoh Khufu. It stands 481 feet high, and is estminated to weigh 345,000,000 lbs.
The second of the Giza pyramids was built for the pharaoh Khafra.It was built on higher ground than Khufu's pyramid, so it looks taller than Khufu's pyramid, but it is actually shorter.
The third and smallest pyramid became a smooth sided pyramid. The stretcher was covered in limestone. -
Period: to
Early Dynastic of Ancient Egypt
Before the Old Kingdom -
BC First Stone Pyramid (Religion)
The first stone pyramid built in ancient Egypt was the 'Step Pyramid'. The Step Pyramid was built at Saqqara for the Pharaoh Djoser. It was made by building several 'steps' or layers of stone on top of each other. -
Ancient Egyptian Government
The Ancient egyptians were the first to produce a functional ruling, entire nation. the summerians by 3000 BC were the only other civilizations to have a uran and literacy culture. The kingdom of egypt covered an entire country of land with millions of inhabitants. The pharo ruled all the lands both religiously, and faithfully. -
BC Irrigation developed (Geo.)
Irrigation was what allowed the Egyptians to use the Nile’s waters for a variety of purposes. It granted them control over their agricultural practices. Through irrigation flood waters were diverted away from certain areas, like their towns and gardens.They developed and used mainly basin irrigation, which allowed them to control the rise and fall of the river to best suit their agricultural needs. The flooding water that wasnt needed would be trapped within earthern basin walls. -
Period: to
Predynastic Ancient Egypt
Occured after Prehistoric era, which was pre 5500 B.C. -
Egyptian Government
Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by the first pharaoh Menes.The government supports the work of scribes, sculptors, and other artists and supports new artistic methods.Egypt splits into two smaller states: ruled by Memphis in the north and Thebes in the south. This civil disorder lasts for 150 years. -
Bronze Age Began (Eco.)
Before Ancient Egypt was industrialized, their economy and economics were based off of their argicultural. The Bronze Age was a time where international trade was HUGE; and thats when their economy started changing. It began in Ancient Egypt around 3150 BC, during the Protodynastic Period. -
BC Hieroglyphics and Text (Cult.)
The first development of Hieroclyphics in Ancient Egypt used more than 700 different symbols. Hieroglyphics is a form of writing with symbols; they believed that writing was invented by the God Thoth. Egyptians mainly used it for formal inscriptions on the walls of the temples. Also, the first known text on the study of mathematics dates back 3,600 years. It was written by an Egyptian scribe named Ahmes. -
BC Eye makeup in Egypt (Tech)
Egyptians still influence the world today with their previous inventions. For example, they invented eye makeup, and it is definitely still used today. They first invented eye makeup tons of years ago, and its still popular now. Some people even use the same techniques that the Ancient Egyptians used. They combined soot with a mineral called galena to create a black ointment known as kohl. They also made green I makeup with a mineral called malachite. -
BC Organized Farming begins (Geo)
Once the Egpytians recognized that the Nile River flooding was going to happen, they developed argicultural practices. The water levels of the river would rise in August and September, leaving the floodplain and delta submerged by 1.5 meters of water at the peak. The flooding was known as inundation. When the water receded in October the farmers were left with very fertile soil known as silt. Then the farmers would plant their crops, and only had to give them minimal care until ripe. -
Egyptians had an Epiphany!
Around 5000 BC, Ancient Egyptians realized the greatness of the Nile River. Which is the way it floods annually. This was about the time they started calling the soil near it Kemet (Black Earth), and everywhere else was Deshert (Red Earth). It was very important that they realized that because it is what begin their agricultural advancements and economy. -
BC, The Social Class (Cult.)
The chasm between rich and poor appears to date back to pre-dynastic times and grew more pronounced with Social classes (no exact date that it came about). Pharaohs are on top because they were consider Gods on earth. The Viziers's was the chief assistant, sometimes also the high priest. Next, the nobles who ruled the regions of Egypt. Priests were after that and they were just supposed to keep the Gods happy by performing rituals. Then so on, I'm about to run of room, so yeah. -
Black Land Vs Red Land (Geo.)
The ancient Egyptians always thought of Egypt as being divided into two types of land, the 'black land' and the 'red land'. The black land was the fertile land closer to the banks of the Nile. This land was the only land in Egypt that could be used to farm, because of its rich layers of silt. The red land was the desert surrounding Egypt on both sides. It was the land that kept invaders out, but it also kept them from friending other countries. It also provided them with precious metals. -
BC, The Basic Geography of Egypt
Egypt is located in the Nile Valley in North East of Africa. The Egyptians thought of Egypt as being divided into two types of land. The Black Land, and the Red Land. The Black land was the fertile land (on the banks on the nile) and the red land was the barren desert that protected Egypt on two sides.
