Anabaptist History

Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus is born

Oct 28, 1466

“Erasmus of Rotterdam (28 October 1466 – 12 July 1536) was a Dutch philosopher and Catholic theologian who is considered one of the greatest scholars of the northern Renaissance…Using humanist techniques for working on texts, he prepared important new Latin and Greek editions of the New Testament, which raised questions that would be influential in the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation” (from Wikipedia).

Balthasar Hubmaier is born

1480

Hubmaier was one of the most well-known and respected Anabaptist theologians of the Reformation. Acquainted with Glarean, Erasmus, and Zwingli, he participated in several disputations around infant baptism. Facing severe persecution, Hubmaier recanted twice, once while on the rack. 'This weakness troubled him deeply and brought forth his Short Apology in 1526, which includes the statement: "I may err—I am a man—but a heretic I cannot be … O God, pardon me my weakness'" (from Wikipedia).

Martin Luther is born

Nov 10, 1483

Martin Luther was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, and professor, and Augustinian friar. He is the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation and the namesake of Lutheranism (from Wikipedia).

Huldrych Zwingli is born

Jan 1, 1484

Huldrych Zwingli was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, born during a time of emerging Swiss patriotism and increasing criticism of the Swiss mercenary system. He attended the University of Vienna and the University of Basel, a scholarly center of Renaissance humanism. He continued his studies while he served as a pastor in Glarus and later in Einsiedeln, where he was influenced by the writings of Erasmus (from Wikipedia).

Thomas Müntzer is born

1489

A German preacher and theologian of the early Reformation whose opposition to both Martin Luther and the Roman Catholic Church led to his open defiance of late-feudal authority in central Germany. Müntzer was foremost amongst those reformers who took issue with Luther's compromises with feudal authority. He became a leader of the German peasant and plebeian uprising of 1525 commonly known as the German Peasants' War. He was captured after the Battle of Frankenhausen, tortured and executed.

Michael Sattler is born

1490

Sattler was born around 1490 in Staufen, Germany. He became a Benedictine monk in the abbey of St. Peter, and probably became a prior. He left St. Peter's probably in May 1525, when the monastery had been taken by troops from the Black Forest fighting in the German Peasants' War. He later married a former Beguine named Margaretha. He was particularly influential for his role in developing the Schleitheim Confession.

Hans Hut is born

1490

Hut was born in Haina near Römhild, South Thuringia, and became a travelling bookseller. He came under the influence of Thomas Müntzer and, refusing to have his child baptized, was driven from the community in 1524. He took part in the decisive battle of Thuringia during the German Peasants' War on 15 May 1525 at Bad Frankenhausen. About a week later at Bibra, Hut preached "subjects should murder all the authorities, for the opportune time has arrived."

George Blaurock is born

1492

Georg Blaurock, one of the founders of the first Swiss Brethren congregation in Zürich, was born ca. 1492 in Bonaduz, a village in Grisons, Switzerland. Nothing is known about his youth, except that he was matriculated as a student in the University of Leipzig for the summer semester of 1513. From 1516 to 1518 he was vicar in Trins in the diocese of Chur; so he must have received the usual education for the priesthood.

Christopher Columbus sails the Ocean (1492-1493)

Aug 3, 1492

For his westward voyage to find a shorter route to the Orient, Columbus and his crew took three medium-sized ships, the Santa María, the Pinta ("painted one"), and the Santa Clara, nicknamed the Niña ("girl"). On the morning of 3 August 1492, Columbus departed from Palos de la Frontera, going down the Rio Tinto and into the Atlantic.

Columbus begins his second voyage to the Americas (1493-1496)

Sep 25, 1493

The stated purpose of the second voyage was to convert the indigenous Americans to Christianity. Before Columbus left Spain, he was directed by Ferdinand and Isabella to maintain friendly, even loving, relations with the natives. He set sail from Cádiz, Spain, on 25 September 1493.

Melchior Hoffman is born

1495

Hoffman's failed prophecy of the return of Christ contributed significantly to the Münster Rebellion (1533–1534), of which he is seen as one of the authors. Two of his followers, Jan van Matthijs and Jan van Leiden, proclaimed that Hoffman was wrong on the questions of the exact time and place, where Christ would return and reign, and named Münster as the correct location.

Hans Denck is born

1495

Denck was born in 1495 in the Bavarian town of Habach. After a classical education, he became headmaster at the St. Sebaldus school in Nuremberg in 1523. He became involved in the trial of the artist brothers Sebald and Barthel Beham, who were expelled from the city in 1524. In Nuremberg, he met Thomas Müntzer, and so first came in contact with radical theology, which he accepted with modifications. In consequence of his convictions, he was banished from Nuremberg in January 1524.

Menno Simons is born

1496

Menno Simons was a Roman Catholic priest from the Friesland region of the Low Countries who was excommunicated from the Catholic Church and became an influential Anabaptist religious leader. Simons was a contemporary of the Protestant Reformers and it is from his name that his followers became known as Mennonites.

Vasco da Gama sets sail to India (around Africa) (1497-1499)

Jun 8, 1497

His initial voyage to India by way of Cape of Good Hope (1497–1499) was the first to link Europe and Asia by an ocean route, connecting the Atlantic and the Indian oceans. Da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India opened the way for an age of global imperialism and enabled the Portuguese to establish a long-lasting colonial empire along the way from Africa to Asia.

Conrad Grebel is born

1498

Conrad Grebel was born, probably in Grüningen in the Canton of Zurich, about 1498 to Junker Jakob and Dorothea (Fries) Grebel, the second of six children. He spent his early life in Grüningen, and then came to Zurich with his family around 1513. He spent several years abroad in study, worked as a proofreader in Basel, married in 1522, and became a Christian minister around 1523. Modern painting of Conrad Grebel by Oliver Wendell Schenk, 1972 Courtesy Eastern Mennonite University

Felix Manz is born

1498

Manz was born and died in Zürich, in the Old Swiss Confederacy, where his father was a canon of Grossmünster church. Though records of his education are scant, there is evidence that he had a liberal education, with a thorough knowledge of Hebrew, Greek and Latin. Manz became a follower of Huldrych Zwingli after he came to Zürich in 1519. When Conrad Grebel joined the group in 1521, he and Manz became friends. https://gameo.org/index.php?curid=57586

da Vinci finishes The Last Supper

1498

By Leonardo da Vinci - Online Taken on 23 July 2013, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50410532

Columbus begins third voyage to the Americas (1498-1500)

May 30, 1498

"...the objective of the third voyage was to verify the existence of a continent that King John II of Portugal suggested was located to the southwest of the Cape Verde Islands."

Jakob Hutter is born

1500

Hutter was a Tyrolean Anabaptist leader and founder of the Hutterites.

Columbus taken in chains to Spain

Oct 1, 1500

Columbus begins fourth and final voyage to the America's (1502-1504)

Mar 14, 1502

After much persuasion, the sovereigns agreed to fund Columbus's fourth voyage. It would be his final chance to prove himself and become the first man ever to circumnavigate the world. Columbus's goal was to find the Strait of Malacca to the Indian Ocean. On 14 March 1502, Columbus started his fourth voyage with 147 men and with strict orders from the king and queen not to stop at Hispaniola, but only to search for a westward passage to the Indian Ocean mainland.

Michaelangelo completes his statue of David

1504

By Jörg Bittner Unna - This file was derived from: 'David' by Michelangelo Fir JBU005.jpg, applied denoise filter by Wilfredor, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=60611291

Isabella I Queen of Castile and Queen Consort of Aragon, dies

Nov 26, 1504

Christopher Columbus dies

May 20, 1506

Henry VIII becomes King of England

Apr 22, 1509

Henry VIII reigns as King of England

Period: Apr 22, 1509 to Jan 28, 1547

John Calvin is born

Jun 10, 1509

Calvin was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism, including its doctrines of predestination and of God's absolute sovereignty in the salvation of the human soul from death and eternal damnation. Calvinist doctrines were influenced by and elaborated upon the Augustinian and other Christian traditions.

Henry VIII marries Catherine of Aragon, Daughter of Isabelle I and Ferdinand II

Jun 11, 1509

Daughter of famous Spanish Queen and King, Isabelle and Ferdinand Aunt of Reformation era HRE Charles V Mother of Queen Mary

Raphael completes the School of Athens

1511

By Raphael - Stitched together from vatican.va, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4406048

Michaelangelo completes the Sistine Chapel Ceiling

1512

By Michelangelo - present version is derived from earlier version, with colour cast adjusted, however this version may appear too blue.:, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27931331

Erasmus’ edition of Greek New Testament published

1516

Thomas More publishes seminal work, "Utopia"

1516

By Unknown author - Rudi Palla – Die Kunst Kinder zu kneten, Frankfurt am Main: Eichborn Verlag 1997 S. 35 ISBN 3-8218-4468-X, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8508660

Ferdinand II of Aragon dies

Jan 23, 1516

Erasmus publishes anti-war tract

1517

https://www.gutenberg.org/files/39487/39487-h/39487-h.htm

da Vinci probably finishes the Mona Lisa

1517

By Leonardo da Vinci - Cropped and relevelled from File:Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF.jpg. Originally C2RMF: Galerie de tableaux en très haute définition: image page, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15442524

Martin Luther posts 95 theses

Oct 31, 1517

Luther summoned to Augsburg but refuses to recant

1518

Zwingli becomes People’s priest in Zürich

1519

Charles V succeeds Maximilian I as Holy Roman Emperor

Jan 12, 1519

Grandson of Maximillian I
Grandson of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain (Castile and Aragon) from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555.

Leonardo da Vinci dies at age 67

May 2, 1519

By Leonardo da Vinci - https://www.latitudinex.com/europa/leonardo-valle-della-loira-rinascimento.htmlWeb Gallery of Art:   Image  Info about artwork, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15497207

Charles V reigns as Holy Roman Emperor

Period: Jun 28, 1519 to Aug 27, 1556

Grandson of Maximillian I
Grandson of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain (Castile and Aragon) from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555.

Ferdinand Magellan begins voyage to Circumnavigate the world

Sep 20, 1519

The Magellan expedition, also known as the Magellan–Elcano expedition, was the first voyage around the world in recorded history. It was a 16th century Spanish expedition initially led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan to the Moluccas, which departed from Spain in 1519, and completed in 1522 by Spanish navigator Juan Sebastián Elcano, after crossing the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, culminating in the first circumnavigation of the world.

Magellan expedition circumnavigates the globe

Period: Sep 20, 1519 to Sep 6, 1522

Set out to do what Columbus could never: Circumnavigate the globe. When Victoria, the one surviving ship and the smallest carrack in the fleet, returned to the harbour of departure after completing the first circumnavigation of the Earth, only 18 men out of the original 270 men were on board.

Suleiman I the Magnificent becomes Turkish ruler

1520

Raphael dies at age 37

Apr 6, 1520

By Raphael - http://nevsepic.com.ua/art-i-risovanaya-grafika/2409-raffaello-sanzio-rafael-santi-37-rabot.html image, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35440864

Suleiman I the Magnificent

Period: Sep 30, 1520 to Sep 6, 1566

Suleiman became a prominent monarch of 16th-century Europe, presiding over the apex of the Ottoman Empire's economic, military and political power. Suleiman personally led Ottoman armies in conquering the Christian strongholds of Belgrade and Rhodes as well as most of Hungary before his conquests were checked at the siege of Vienna in 1529. Under his rule, the Ottoman fleet dominated the seas from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and through the Persian Gulf.

Luther burns papal bull for his arrest

Dec 10, 1520

Carlstadt celebrates first Protestant communion at Wittenburg

1521

Muntzer publishes Prague Manifesto justifying violence in the elect

1521

Hubmaier comes to Waldshut, becomes friend of Zwingli

1521

German princes back Luther at Diet of Worms

Period: Jan 28, 1521 to May 25, 1521

Pope Leo X calls King Henry VIII “Defender of the Faith” for anti-Luther tract

Oct 11, 1521

Luther introduces German liturgy in Wittenburg

1522

Stump and Reublin challenge paying of tithes

1522

Reformer Martin Bucer arrives in Strassburg; German services introduced

1523

Hubmaier introduces German services in Waldshut, marries

1523

Hans Holbein paints Desiderius Erasmus

1523

By Hans Holbein the Younger - Web Gallery of Art:   Image  Info about artwork, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2319

Zwingli holds Zürich disputations

Jan 29, 1523

Muntzer marries and germanizes services in Allstedt; Zwingli secretly marries

Jun 1, 1523

At Second Zürich Disputation radical followers break with Zwingli

Period: Oct 26, 1523 to Oct 28, 1523

Carlstadt puts aside priestly vestments to become a “new layman”; declines to baptize infants

1524

Erasmus publishes tract on free will

1524

De libero arbitrio (On Free Will)

Manz brings Carlstadt’s tracts on infant baptism and Lord’s Supper to Zürich

1524

Swiss Brethren write to Muntzer, Carlstadt, and Luther

1524

Reublin and Brotli refuse to baptize infants

1524

Storm on images in Zürich

1524

Planets align in sign of the Fish; widespread expectation of evil

Feb 1, 1524

In May peasants’ revolt breaks out in southern Germany

Jun 1, 1524

First imprisonment of Anabaptists occurs in Zürich; they escape

1525

Bolt Eberle executed in Schwyz, becomes first Protestant and first Anabaptist martyr

1525

First Zürich disputation with those opposed to infant baptism

Jan 17, 1525

Denck banished from Nuremberg for views on Lord’s Supper and living personal faith

Jan 21, 1525

First believers Baptism in the house of Felix Manz's mother

Jan 21, 1525

https://plainvalues.com/felix-manzs-mother-women-of-faith-reformation-persecution/

First Anabaptist congregation of 35 converts established in Zollikon

Period: Jan 21, 1525 to Jan 29, 1525

Peasant’s Twelve Articles drawn up against lords

Mar 6, 1525

Defeat of peasants at Frankenhausen; Müntzer captured and executed

Apr 15, 1525

Hubmaier establishes Anabaptism as state faith

Apr 19, 1525

Thomas Müntzer is killed

May 27, 1525

On 27 May, after torture and confession, he was executed alongside Pfeiffer, outside the walls of Mühlhausen, their heads being displayed prominently for years to come as a warning to others.

Luther marries

Jun 13, 1525

Third Baptismal Disputation in Zürich held in Grossmünster to accommodate the crowd

Nov 1, 1525

Erasmus publishes the works of St. Augustine

1526

Grebel dies

1526

Archduke Ferdinand becomes Margrave of Moravia

1526

Suleiman I defeats King Louis II of Hungary

Aug 29, 1526

Upon encountering the lifeless body of King Louis, Suleiman is said to have lamented: "I came indeed in arms against him; but it was not my wish that he should be thus cut off before he scarcely tasted the sweets of life and royalty."

Urbanus Rhegius publishes anti-Anabaptist “Nikolsburg Articles”

1527

Denck and Hatzer publish first German translation of O.T. prophets

1527

Basel orders corporeal punishment and confiscation of property for adult baptism and sheltering Anabaptists

1527

Holbein paints a portrait of Thomas More

1527

By Hans Holbein the Younger - WQEnBYMfBeoSdg — Google Arts & Culture, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=13466190

Manz drowned in Zürich

Jan 5, 1527

Schleitheim Brotherly Union

Feb 24, 1527

Sack of Rome by German troops

May 6, 1527

Sattler burned in Rottenburg

May 20, 1527

Denck dies of plague in Basel

Nov 27, 1527

Hans Denck dies of the bubonic plague

Nov 27, 1527

Hut dies in Augsburg prison

Dec 6, 1527

Hans Hut is accidentally killed by asphyxiation

Dec 6, 1527

Hut was tortured horribly and accidentally died as a result of a fire that caused his asphyxiation in the Augsburg prison on 6 December 1527. The next day, the authorities sentenced his dead body to death and burned him.

Reformation established in Bern

1528

Swabian League authorizes military division of 400 horsemen to scout for Anabaptists

1528

Hubmaier burned in Vienna

Mar 10, 1528

Albrecht Dürer dies at 56

Apr 6, 1528

By Albrecht Dürer - Museo Nacional del Prado, Galería online, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17628367

Reformation becomes official in Basel

1529

Tyrolean Anabaptists flea homeland for Moravia

1529

Hoffman meets Anabaptists in Strassburg

1529

Diet of Speyer restores death penalty for rebaptizing

1529

Diet of Speyer—Luther’s followers name Protestants

Mar 15, 1529

Blaurock burned in Tyrol

Sep 6, 1529

Suleiman I of the Ottomans attacks Vienna

Sep 27, 1529

The siege of Vienna, in 1529, was the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire to capture the capital city of Vienna, Austria, Holy Roman Empire. Suleiman the Magnificent, sultan of the Ottomans, attacked the city with over 100,000 men, while the defenders, led by Niklas Graf Salm, numbered no more than 21,000. Nevertheless, Vienna was able to survive the siege, which ultimately lasted just over two weeks, from 27 September to 15 October, 1529.

Siege of Vienna by the Ottomans

Period: Sep 27, 1529 to Oct 15, 1529

The siege of Vienna, in 1529, was the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire to capture the capital city of Vienna, Austria, Holy Roman Empire. Suleiman the Magnificent, sultan of the Ottomans, attacked the city with over 100,000 men, while the defenders, led by Niklas Graf Salm, numbered no more than 21,000. Nevertheless, Vienna was able to survive the siege, which ultimately lasted just over two weeks, from 27 September to 15 October, 1529.

Luther and Zwingli convene at Marburg

Sep 30, 1529

Hoffman baptizes 300 Anabaptists in Emden and sends lay preachers to Netherlands

1530

Confession of Augsburg—Protestant form Schmalkaldic League against Emperor Charles V

Jun 25, 1530

Bullinger succeeds Zwingli and publishes first book against Anabaptists

Oct 11, 1531

Suleiman I attempts a second siege of Vienna

1532

Suleiman's response came in 1532 when he led a massive army of over 120,000 troops to besiege Vienna again. It never truly materialised as his force was stalled by the Croatian Captain Nikola Jurišić during the siege of Güns (Kőszeg).

Hutter joins Moravian group who become known as Hutterites

1533

Baker Jan Matthijs claims Anabaptist leadership in Amsterdam and sends out 12 disciples in pairs

1533

Hoffman goes to prison in Strassburg to await Second Coming

1533

Thomas Cranmer declares Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon "unlawful," allowing Henry to remarry

May 23, 1533

Treaty of Constantinople between the Ottoman Empire and the Archduchy of Austria

Jul 22, 1533

The Treaty of Constantinople (1533) was signed between Ferdinand and Suleiman. John Szapolyai was recognized as King of Hungary as an Ottoman vassal. However, the Ottomans recognized the land under the Habsburgs' rule in Hungary.

Matthijs moves to Münster; Anabaptists win local election and attempt by force to set up Kingdom of God

1534

Henry VIII establishes himself as Supreme Head of Church and Clergy of England

1534

In 1534 Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy which defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England, thereby severing ecclesiastical links with Rome. https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/religion/collections/common-prayer/act-of-supremacy/#:~:text=In%201534%20Parliament%20passed%20the,severing%20ecclesiastical%20links%20with%20Rome.

Strassburg decrees that Anabaptists must leave the city

Feb 16, 1534

Jan van Leiden crowned king in Münster

Sep 1, 1534

Melchiorite Jan van Geelen storms Amsterdam’s city hall

1535

Hans Holbein paints a Reformist piece, "The Allegory of the Old and New Law"

1535

By Hans Holbein the Younger - http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/exhibitions/holbein/images/works/holbein_allegory.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4567266

Charles V conquers Tunis and frees 20,000 Christian slaves

Jun 1, 1535

Siege of Münster; falls. Persecution begins.

Jun 24, 1535

Sir Thomas More is executed by decapitation

Jul 6, 1535

while on the scaffold he declared "that he died the king's good servant, and God's first." By Hans Holbein the Younger - WQEnBYMfBeoSdg — Google Arts & Culture, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=13466190

Jan van Leiden executed; his remains swinging in cage from church serve as reminder into 20th century

1536

Menno Simons breaks with Rome; becomes Anabaptist leader in Netherlands

Jan 12, 1536

Jakob Hutter burned at the stake

Feb 25, 1536

On 9 December, Hutter was deported to the Tyrolean capital Innsbruck, where he was interrogated and pressured to recant. Even under severe torture he would not recant or reveal the names of other Anabaptists. Hutter was sentenced to death by fire and burned at the stake on 25 February 1536 in Innsbruck in front of the Golden Roof.[1] According to the Hutterian Chronicle, a total of 360 Anabaptists were executed in Tyrol.

Erasmus dies

Jun 12, 1536

Erasmus was a Dutch philosopher and Catholic theologian who is considered one of the greatest scholars of the northern Renaissance. As a Catholic priest, he was an important figure in classical scholarship who wrote in a pure Latin style. Among humanists he was given the sobriquet "Prince of the Humanists", and has been called "the crowning glory of the Christian humanists".

William Tyndale, English reformer, burned at stake

Oct 6, 1536

Landgrave Philip of Hesse arranges debate between Anabaptists and Bucer; results in Hessian Anabaptists returning to state church and state church deciding to excommunicate immoral Christians

1538

https://gameo.org/index.php?curid=56157

Simons publishes the Foundation Book of Anabaptist faith

Period: 1539 to 1540

Pope recognizes order of Jesuits; will make them the chief agents of Counter Reformation

1540

Hans Holbein the Younger paints a portrait of Henry VIII

1540

By Hans Holbein the Younger - Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=76791967

John Calvin establishes theocracy in Geneva

1541

John Knox establishes Calvinist Reformation in Scotland

1541

Peter Riedeman writes Hutterite Confession of Faith

1541

Henry VIII assumes titles of King of Ireland and Head of Irish Church

Jun 18, 1542

Hans Holbein the Younger Dies at 45-46

1543

By Hans Holbein the Younger - Stephanie Buck, Hans Holbein, Cologne: Könemann, 1999, ISBN 3829025831., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5263452

Ivan IV the Terrible crowned the first Tsar of Russia

Jan 16, 1547

Henry VIII dies at the age of 55 at the Palace of Whitehall

Jan 28, 1547

Charles V finalizes his abdications

1556

With no fanfare, in 1556 he finalized his abdications. On 16 January 1556, he gave Spain and the Spanish Empire in the Americas to Philip. On 27 August 1556, he abdicated as Holy Roman Emperor in favour of his brother Ferdinand, elected King of the Romans in 1531. The succession was recognized by the prince-electors assembled at Frankfurt only in 1558, and by the Pope only in 1559.

Pilgram Marpeck dies

1556

A native of Tyrol, Austria. His father, Heinrich, moved from Rosenheim in Bavaria to Rattenberg, Austria, where he served as a city councilman, as a judge (1494–1502), and as mayor (1511). Pilgram attended the Latin school in Rattenberg. Before his days as an Anabaptist, Marpeck enjoyed a good financial status and was a highly respected citizen of Rattenberg on the Inn River. He was a mining engineer, a member of the miners' brotherhood, and served on both Rattenberg's inner and outer councils.

Pieter Bruegel paints Netherlandish Proverbs

1559

By Pieter Brueghel the Elder - WwG8mD89xbELbQ — Google Arts & Culture, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=13352840

Bruegel paints The Procession to Calvary

1564

The Procession to Calvary, 1564, Bruegel's second largest painting at 124 cm × 170 cm (49 in × 67 in) By Pieter Brueghel the Elder - 1. The Yorck Project (2002) 10.000 Meisterwerke der Malerei (DVD-ROM), distributed by DIRECTMEDIA Publishing GmbH. ISBN: 3936122202.2. Christian Vöhringer – Pieter Bruegel. 1525/30–1569, Tandem Verlag 2007 S.70 ISBN 978-3-8331-3852-23. Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Bilddatenbank., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=148430

Michaelangelo dies at age 88

Feb 18, 1564

By Attributed to Daniele da Volterra - Metropolitan Museum of Art, online collection (The Met object ID 436771), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=93197995

Suleiman I dies in Hungary at age 71

Sep 6, 1566

Pieter Bruegel the Elder paints The Blind Leading the Blind

1568

By Питер Брейгель Старший - Точная репродукция картины 16 века, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28885659

Dirk Willems is martyred

May 16, 1569

Willems was born in Asperen, Gelderland, Netherlands. He was rebaptized as a young man in Rotterdam, thus rejecting the infant baptism practiced at that time by both Catholics and established Protestants in the Netherlands, which he would have received previously. This action, plus his continued devotion to his new faith and the baptism of several other people in his home, led to his condemnation by the Roman Catholic Church in the Netherlands and subsequent arrest in Asperen in 1569.

Pieter Bruegel the Elder dies at 39-44

Sep 9, 1569

By Pieter Brueghel the Elder - eQHtzz_SGMMZJQ — Google Arts & Culture, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21792367

Rembrandt finishes The Mennonite Preacher Anslo and his Wife

1641