-
ww1 neutrality problems
-US traded w/ both sides, but ties w/ great britian were strongest
-common launage, customs and government
-by 1917 US loans to the allies reached $2.3 bill
-great britian spread anti-german propaganda to the US -
Manchuria
Manchuria in British. (mænˈtʃʊərɪə ) a region of NE China, historically the home of the Manchus, rulers of China from 1644 to 1912: includes part of Inner Mongolia and the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning. Area: about 1 300 000 sq km (502 000 sq miles) -
ww1 and ww11 begin and end
ww1- July 28th, 1914- November 11th, 1918
ww11- September 1, 1939- September 2, 1945 -
Trench Warfare
Trenches were in bad condition they had dead bodies, blood, and rats -
Centeral Powers
World War One is a conflict between the Central Powers and the Allies. The Central Powers consist of Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire. Important allied power are Serbia, Russia, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Belgium and the United States. -
Alliances unfolded
-Austria declared war on Serbia
-Russia supported Serbia (mother country w/ ethnic ties)
-France was obligated to help Russia and Great Britain to help France
-by August 5th, 1914 Europe was engulfed in war -
The fighting sides
triple alliance becomes "the central powers" (bad guys)
-Germany, Austria Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria
-Italy gave up its defensive agreement w/ Germany and joined other side
GOOD GUYS- triple entente become the allied powers or allies (good guys)
-great Britain, France, Russia, Italy
-The US would join in April of 1917
----Eventually, 50 nations were involved in the great war -
What causes most wars (WW1)
extreme nationalism
imperialism
militarism
alliances
fanatical leaders
WHAT CAUSE WW1
unrest in the Balkans
-Bosnians felt abused under the rule Austria Hungary
-GOAL-to create a greater Serbia (unite Slavic people)
this movement was strongly supported by mother Russia
June 28th, 1914
Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria heir throne) was assassinated by a Bosnian Serb Nationalist while on a good trip to Sarajevo Bosnia, this spark would ignite the war
-Germanys Schlieffen Plan 2 front war failed -
Weapons
Guns
Zeppelin
Gas
Tank
Planes
Torpedoes -
Allied Powers
Serbia, Russia, France, UK, Italy, Belgium, US -
Lusitania
British ship sunk by german submarine off coast Ireland 1915. On May 7, 1915, less than a year after World War I (1914-18) erupted across Europe, a German U-boat torpedoed and sank the RMS Lusitania, a British ocean liner en route from New York to Liverpool, England. -
Sinking of the lustinia
-the ship was loaded with contraband purchased from the US
-Wilson demanded in a letter of protest that Germany end sub warfare and apologize and pay reparations to the families
March 1916- The French ship Sussex was sunk w/ Americans on board. Germany agreed to the Sussex pledge a promise to warn ships before sinking them -
Election of 1916
Wilson- "dove" and Charles E Hughes "hawk"
-both hand campaigned for peace and neutrality
-clift- hanger Wilson won by 20 electoral votes.
The United States presidential election of 1916 was the 33rd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 1916. Incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson defeated Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes, the Republican candidate. -
Events to US entry
- by 1916, the war in Europe became stalemated on both fronts channel to the Adriatic sea (defended by France and great Britain) -eastern front= line defended by Russia -little progress and high casualties led to frustration on both sides
-
Americans turn against Germany
u-boat
sussex pledge
Zimmermann note
Russian revolution -
U.S. WW1
the united states entered the WW1 in 1917 -
Zimmerman Note (Telegram)
secret diplomatic communication, from the Germany office in Japan 1917 -
Convoy System
The convoy system, which can be defined as a group of merchant vessels sailing together, with or without naval escort, for mutual security and protection, has a much longer history than sometimes suggested. JUne 1917 -
Rationing
Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, services, or an artificial restriction of demand. Rationing controls the size of the ration, which is one's allowed portion of the resources being distributed on a particular day or at a particular time -
march 1917
-Russia surrendered to Germany
-Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war on April 2nd, 1917
-enemy: german gov not the German people
-Wilson: America must go to war to make the world safe for democracy
-Congress declared war on April 16, 1917 -
The war in Europe
-the allies weakened in 1917
-in March 1917 a Russian people's revolt overthrew Czar Nicholas 11 and a provisional gov was set up
-in Nov 1917 this weak gov't was overthrown by the Bolsheviks led by Nikolia Lenin eventually resulting in a communist gov
-in Dec 1917 Russia agreed to an armistice on the eastern front and withdrew leaving Germany to fight a 1 front war (all germans forces could now be sent to the western front in concentration) -
Convoy System
this helped american troops travel to Europe without being attacked by U-boats -
Germany Surrenders
Germany surrendered in 1918 -
Sedition Act
Sedition Act made disloyal speech or action illegal against the United States Gov't or military in 1918 -
The German War Machine
-Germany faced troubles in 1918
- a home front revolution forced the Kaiser into exile
-shortage of soldiers ("iron Youth was gone") mutiny in the navy
-US entry proved to be too much for them (fresh troops, and morale)
November 1918 Germany asked for an armistice
-Nov 11th, 1918 fighting stopped (armistice day)
-the allied powers had won the Great War
-an allied blockade of German ports continued until the treaty was signed -
The Treaty of Versailles
June 28th, 1919, product of compromise
-new independent nations were formed in Europe
-empires were destroyed and ethnic groups were united
-a league of nations was formed to maintain peace and prevent future world wars (Wilsons 14th point) -
What were the courts findings in schneck vs US
March 3rd, 1919 that the freedom of speech protection afforded in the US constitutions 1st amendment could be restricted if the words spoken or printed represented to society lear and represent danger -
What happened to the treaty of Versailles in the US
ended ww1 between allies and Germany, their main enemy during the war, the treaty was signed by representatives of each country in June 1919 for the US to accept its conditions however it had to be ratified by congress -
Palmer raids
series of raids conducted in Nov 1919 and Jan 1920 during the 1st red scare by the US Department of justice under the administration of President Woodrow Wilson to arrest radical leftists -
18th amendment
The 18th amendment is the only amendment to be repealed from the constitution. This unpopular amendment banned the sale and drinking of alcohol in the United States. This amendment took effect in 1919 and was a huge failure. -
Woodrow Wilson
-sickly during the '20s due to a stroke suffered in 1919 while on a speaking tour to promote the league of nations directly to the US people
-wilsons wife Edith unofficlay took over the region of power
-Wilson died 3 years after leaving office in 1924
1920 election
-james cox wilsons choice with v.p running mate F Roosevelt
-Warren Harding and V.P running mate Calvin Coolidge -
Red Scare
the fear of communism in the 1920s -
Similar roosevelt and hoover
cutting taxes
created republican works program -
The Great Depression
causes of the great depression-
easy credit created an illusion of property in the 1920s
-installment plans allowed purchases without cash
-created an unnatural demand for goods and eventual overproduction
-problem arose when consumers credit was exhausted -
the 3 R
relief, recovery, and reform, generated jobs and more hope -
Imperialism-what reasons did Americans give to support a policy of imperialism
they were trying to find new markets to sell goods and military power -
Isolationism- what reasons did Americans give to supports a policy of isolationism
did not want the US to be pulled into another war -
Neutrality
state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict -
Main causes of ww1
the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary (black hand) -
How did new weapons change the nature of war during ww1
things were made much lighter and easier to move around -
What push factors and what pull factors contributed to the great immigration
push-majority of the people during this time lost their jobs due to the economy and many people lost large amounts of money and caused banks to fail -
Jazz
type of music and dance -
What issue was central to the scopes trial
high school substitute teacher John T Scopes was accused of violating Tennessee bulter act -
Rugged Individual
the ideal whereby an individual is self-reliant and independent from outside -
Examples of hoovers conservative approach to solving the GD
believed limited role for gov and worried that excessive federal intervention posted a treat to capitalism -
How did the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act help lead to a worldwide economic depression
protect American jobs and farmers from foreign competition -
Agricultural adjustment act
US federal low of the new deal era designed to boost agriculture prices by reducing surpluses -
19th amendment
Women's Suffrage. Scholastic.com. The 19th Amendment (1920) to the Constitution of the United States provides men and women with equal voting rights. The amendment states that the right of citizens to vote "shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." -
Prohibition
the prevention by law of the manufacture and sale of alcohol, especially in the US between 1920 and 1933. -
Appeasement
Appeasement in an international context is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict. -
Ku Klux Klan
The group was known for a short time as the "Kuklux Clan". The Ku Klux Klan was one of a number of secret, oath-bound organizations using violence, which included the Southern Cross in New Orleans (1865) and the Knights of the White Camelia (1867) in Louisiana. -
Emma Goldman
Emma Goldman was an anarchist political activist and writer. She played a pivotal role in the development of anarchist political philosophy in North America and Europe in the first half of the 20th century. Born in Kovno, Russian Empire to a Jewish family, Goldman emigrated to the United States in 1885 -
Down on the Farm During the Great Depression
great plains had been overplanted during the 20's, fields were used over and over and nutrients had been used up -
Family Life in the Great Depression
men who had been the wage earners now suffered because they saw themselves as failures because they couldn't support their families -
The Bonus Army Crackdown
hoover not only angered people because of his handling of the economy, he also cracked down on the Bonus Army -
President Hoover
republican
federal farm board
no direct spending
trickle down theory
bonus army
indirect relief
balanced budget -
President Roosevelt FDR
new deal
brain trust
21st amen
direct relief
democrat
elected 4 times -
Transition for women- 1920's
1st great "liberation" movement
-small minority expressed their independence by becoming flappers
-many sought new employment opportuites
-some began demanding greater equality in the marriage partnership -
Propaganda
information being misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view -
Why did the US shift from a policy of neutrality to a policy of engagement
Germany decided to resume unrestricted submarine warfare against the allies, sinking of the Lusitania -
what powers did the espionage and the sedition acts give to the government during ww1
prohibit interference with military operations to ban support of US enemies during wartime or to promote insubordination in the military -
What is the difference between an anarchist, a communist and socialist
C-moneyless, stateless society, S-economic system where the workers, society as a whole control the means of production -
The Dawes Plan
provided short term economic benefits to the german economy and softened the burdens of war reparations.
The Dawes Act of 1887 (also known as the General Allotment Act or the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887), authorized the President of the United States to survey Native American tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Native Americans. -
What factors contributed to the economic boom of the 1920s
Republican gov policies isolationism and protectionism the Mellon plan -
Black Tue
share prices on the NY stock exchange completely collapse
October 29, 1929. On this date, share prices on the New York Stock Exchange completely collapsed, becoming a pivotal factor in the emergence of the Great Depression. -
Causes of the great depression
ensuring global crisis
stock market crash
dust bowl
Smoot Hawley tariff act -
Bank run
sudden withdraw of deposits of justice, banking crisis is many banks suffer run at the same time as a cascading failure.
A bank run is an event in which bank customers try to withdraw more money from the bank than the bank can provide. Banks do not keep all customer deposits available in cash for immediate withdrawal. Instead, those assets are invested in loans and other types of investments. -
Causes of the great depression
Dependence on credit
Unwise Foreign Policy
Failing American Industry
Uneven Distribution of Income
Stock Market Speculation -
City Life During the Great Depression
city life was greatly changed after the banks started to fail, people by the millions lost their jobs, were evicted from their houses or apartments and reduced to living in the streets -
Harlem Renaissance
intellectual social, artistic explosion centered in Harlem, NY 1920.
The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual, social, and artistic explosion centered in Harlem, New York, spanning the 1920s. At the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement", named after The New Negro, a 1925 anthology edited by Alain Locke. -
Transition from war to peace
-US rejected the treaty of Versailles fearing involvement in the league of nations would be another entangling alliance
-The US led discrimament talk w/ 1921 wash. The naval conference which resulted in treaties that reduced the navies of several countries
-1928 Kellogg brand pact
-inward focus caused new forms of entertainment to occur such as sports, movies, radio, and travel
-Xenophia fear of immigrants
-fear of "red" or communist and anarchists (against gov) created a national hysteria -
Rural Conversations vs Urban Liberals
-role in women traditional vs flappers
-prohibitition 18th amen, drys vs wets
the ecnomy cash vs credit
-individual rights fundememntalism vs evolutinary theory
-the car and radio sped up this clash
-----Stock market boomed
-brokers allowed investors to buy stock on margin w/ as little as 10% down; the remainder was borrowed from the broker (margin loans)
resuls:
-a get rich quick fever caused demands for a stock rise
-the stock market had become based on buying on credit -
Warren G Harding
accomplishments/strengths
-promised a return to normalcy = people +prosperity
-signed a sperate peace treaty with Germany in July 1921
-1st to limit US arms through treaties (1921 Washington naval conf)
-signed strict immigration quota law
WEAKNESSES
-Secretary of the interior, Albert Fall was responsible for the teapot dome scandal (illegal of gov oil)
-fall became 1st cabinet member to go to jail
-supported high tariffs
never controlled congress -
Calvin Coolidge
accomplishments/strengths
-industrial prosperity is priority #1 believed in laissez-faire policy
-called the 20's the business decade
-educated business and religion
-believed in the trickle-down theory
WEAKNESS FAILURE
-ignored farmers and labor
-poor public relation skills
anti-progressive failed to regulate the stock market and industries
-lazy snored as America headed toward the great depression
-declined his party offer for nominated in 1928 -
Benito Mussolini
Benito Mussolini was an Italian political leader who became the fascist dictator of Italy from 1925 to 1945. Originally a revolutionary socialist, he forged the paramilitary fascist movement in 1919 and became prime minister in 1922 -
The Kellogg Briand Pact
overlaw war, signed aug 1928 -
Herbert Hoover
-won the election of 1928
-hoover-rural, conservative,dry,protestant
Alfred Smith- urban, liberal, wet, Catholic
-Accomplishments
-created federal farm board, coordinated crop production
-positive thinker spoke often of prosperity even after the crash
WEAKNESS
-timing, the stock market crashed 8 months into the presidency
-appeared inactive and insensitive during depression poor PR
preached rugged individualism no vote handouts -
Jospeh Stalin
Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1929 to 1953. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower. However, he ruled by terror, and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign. -
Crash of 1929
Oct 24th, 1929 the New York Stock Market on Wall Street collapsed, -
Growing unemployment
maldistribution of wealth 5% controlled 333%of the wealth
-The 1920s the average worker output increased but wages didn't keep up
-conclusion: workers were working harder for less
-huge profits went to expansion instead of higher wages for workers
conclusion: the trickle-down theory wasn't working
Stock Market problems
-wild speculation too much buying on margin caused inflation
-Oct 29th, 1929 black Tuesday
-selling panic but no buyers
-share prices deflated and margin loans came due -
Hoovervilles
a shantytown built by unemployment and destitute people during the great depression 1930s -
Dust bowl
period of dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s -
Works Progress Administration
the american new deal agency, employing millions of people to carry out public works projects including construction of public buildings and roads -
Allied Powers
called allies countries opposition to the central power (Germany, Austria Hungary, turkey) -
Axis powers
nations that fought in ww11 against the allies (Germany, Italy, Japan) -
Lend-Lease Act
US program to provide the allied powers with aid and military material in ww11 -
Executive Order
rule or order issued by the president to an executive branch of gov and having the force of law -
Blitzkrieg
the intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory -
direct cause of ww11
The Treaty of Versailles ended World War I between Germany and the Allied Powers. Because Germany had lost the war, the treaty was very harsh against Germany. Germany was forced to "accept the responsibility" of the war damages suffered by the Allies. -
What was executive order 9066 and who was affected by it
the intention of preventing espionage on American shores, Canada soon followed suit, relocating 21,000 of its jap residence from the west coast -
Bonus Army
43,000 marchers, 17,000 US ww1 veterans, their families and affiliated groups gathered in Washington DC summer of 1932 to demand cash pay -
In what country is the village of bastogne
belgium -
New Deal
series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, regulations enacted by Franklin D Roosevelt between 1933-1936 -
Civilian Conservative Corps
the public work relief program that operated from 1933-1942 in US for unemployed and unmarried men -
Social Security Act
1935 law enacted by the 74th US Congress and signed into law by FDR basic right to a pension old age as well as insurance against unemployment -
Munich Pact
March 29th, Sep 1938 by Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy provided cession to Germany of the sudden German territory of Czechoslovakia -
sep 1
germany invades poland -
Germany invades poland
Germany invades Poland. On this day in 1939, German forces bombard Poland on land and from the air, as Adolf Hitler seeks to regain lost territory and ultimately rule Poland. World War II had begun. The German invasion of Poland was a primer on how Hitler intended to wage war–what would become the “blitzkrieg” strategy -
How was the cold war fought
-arms race (each side built up huge nuclear arsenals)
1.1949- USSR achieved an atomic explosion
2.technology on both sides led to advanced:
-destructive power
-number of weapons (mutually assured destruction)
-methods of delivery
GOAL- maintain the "balance of power" or if possible, gain the advantage
Space race 1957-1969
launching satellites (sputnik 1957: Soviet victory)
race to the moon (US victory) -
Dropping of Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
US detonated 2 nuclear weapons over Jap cities -
US policy of containment
loosely used to describe the geopolitical containment of the soviet union -
Truman Doctrine
an american foreign policy whose stated purpose was to counter Soviet geopolitical expansions during the cold war -
dec 7
peral harbor -
Jap attack on Pearl Harbor
surprise attack strike on dec 7th, 1941 -
Holocaust
genocide in German-occupied Europe between 1941-1945 during ww11 nazi Germany aided by local collaborators, murdered 6 million Jews -
Attacks in order
Dec 7th, 1941- Jap attack on peral harbor
May 7th, 1945- VE Day
June 6th, 1944- D-Day
1914-WW1 began -
Joachim peiper
Joachim Peiper, also known as Jochen Peiper, was a field officer in the Waffen-SS during World War II and personal adjutant to Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler between November 1940 and August 1941. -
When and why was the UN created
1945 on Jan 1st, 1942, 26 nations at war w/ axis powers met in washing to sign a declaration of US -
Allied and german troops
allied-83,000
german-200,000 -
Allied and german KIA
allied- 8,607
german-11,171 -
Allied tanks assault guns and german tank assault guns
allied- 1,452
german-1,361 -
Dec 19
Eisenhower meets his commander at Verdun to outline their response to the german offensive. The 101st Airborn moves into Bastogne -
Dec 18
the germans advance despite poor weather and road conditions that delay their movements causing traffic jams and allowing resupply -
Jan 1
the german launch renewed offensive, Unternehmen nordwind, against the U.S. seventh army to throw the allies off balance -
Dec 21
the german advance through the center of the Ardennes shifts northwest toward Marche -
Dec 22
Montgomery is given command of U.S. forces in the northern Ardennes region. McAnliffe replies "nuts" to a german demand for surrender -
Jan 25
though fighting continues the allied forces have gained back all ground lost to the germans during their campaign -
dec 25
Pattons 4th armored division breaks through german defenses at bastogine beginning the relief of the besieged town it's allied garrison -
jan 3
allied counterattacks continue to push the "bulge" back on itself, as german divisions withdraw to the interior of the bulge forward germany -
3 step process aka The Holocaust
development of Jewish ghettos in cities
Concentration camps became sites of forced labor and murder
Benocide mass killing of over 6 million jews -
1st American Divisions to land on Omaha Beach
1st and 29th -
General Eisenhowers boss
Roosevelt -
First designated chief
fedrick morgan -
D-Day invasion
Tue 6th June 1944, the allied invasion of Normandy in operation overload during ww11 -
Battle of the Bulge
16th dec 1944-25h jan 1945, last German offense campaign on the western front during ww11 -
dec 16
operation Herbstnebel begins with the german 5th and 6th panzer and 7th infantry divisions advancing past the Our River, making contact with the U.S. forces, forward positions -
jan 16
the U.S. third army joins with the first army at houfallize, Belgium, effectively ending german offensive peratins -
may 7
germany surrenders -
Germany Surrenders
On May 7, 1945, Germany officially surrendered to the Allies, bringing an end to the European conflict in World War II. General Alfred Jodl, representing the German High Command, signed the unconditional surrender of both east and west forces in Reims, France, which would take effect the following day. -
aug 6
bombed dropped hiroshima -
harry truman
1950Korean conflict begins, as a result United Nations police action beings to defend S Korea
1950J Mccarthy claims communists have infested the gov starts 2nd red scare
1951Rosenbergs are tired and scented for providing nuclear secrets to the Soviets executed 1953
1952the first H-bomb is detonated by US -
Harry Truman
1945ww2 ends with Truma dropping A-bomb on Japan
1954united nations are created
1946Churchill claimed an iron curtain, descended upon Europe
1947Truman doctrine aid aimed at saving Greece & Turkey
1948USSR cuts off the supply route W Berlin, US responds with airlift
1948Marshal plan aid will rebuild W Europe
1949USSR detonates their first A-bomb
1949Civil was in China turns the most populous country into a communist nation
1949NATO alliances is created to offset soviet influence in east europe -
What was the cold war
period of geopolitical tension between the soviet union and US 1947-1991
fought by Olympics, space wars
fought where ever communism was -
Marshall Plan
American initiative passed in 1948 to aid western Europe the US gave over $12 billion, help rebuild western Europe -
Cold war setting and stage, during and after ww11
the US and soviet union were allies during ww11
both countries spied on each other during ww11
both wanted to share as little as possible in the victory over the Axis powers
communism was spreading
COMMUNISM WAS SPREADING
stalin took over eastern europe _ the iron curtain
mao Zedong created the people's republic of China in 1949
north korea
Vietnam -
Cold war five w's and how
what was it and who fought it
hostility between post-ww11 superpowers
the US free world versus USSR communist world
would last about 45 yrs
neither country directly fought one another -
Cold war was fought where
wherever communism threatened globally -
Why did the korean war begin in 1950
when the North Korean Communist army crossed the 38th Parallel and invaded non-Communist South Korea. As Kim Il-sung's North Korean army, armed with Soviet tanks, quickly overran South Korea, the United States came to South Korea's aid. -
Dwight D Eisenhower
1953Stalin dies
1953korean conflict ends in stalemate at the 38th parallel
1954SEATO alliances form protect SE Asia
1955Mutually Assured Destruction plan by John Foster Dulles
1955SU creates warsaw pact offset NATO
1956new Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev proposes idea "peaceful coexistence"
1957spunknik launches US&Soviets into space race
1957Eisenhower doctrine offered to middle east countries
1959communists dictator Fidel Casto(cuba)takes power, seize all US assets, priv prop -
Cold war sports and movies
1.olympic games served as a cold war battlefield
2. STEREOTYPES
a. we portrayed the Soviets as cold and ruthless
b.they portrayed Americans as spoiled and undisciplined
GOAL-to prove physical superiority
IV- a race for world influence
Goal-to outnumber the opponent (US goal=containment) -
JFK
1961 soviets begin constructing berlin wall
1961 boy of pigs invasion by 1500 CIA-trained Cuban exiles in an attempt to overthrow Castro (failure)
1962US president JFL and soviet premiere Khrushchev involve world in the Cuban missile crisis
1963JFK is shot and killed in Dallas TX -
Lyndon B Johnson
1964- US passes a resolution to increases troops in s-Vietnam
1968-US involvement in Vietnam peaks popular opinion drops -
Richard M Nixon
1969-NASA archives moon landing
1972-Nixon recognizes China and visits the soviet union
1972-first strategic arms limitation treaty
1973-US pulls out of Vietnam, 1975 dominos fall -
Jimmy Carter
1979-Soviets invade Afghanistan
1980-US supports freedom fighters
1980-US boycotts Moscow summer Olympic in protest
1980-miracle on ice occurs during winter Olympics -
Ronald Reagan
1983- strategic defenses initiative or star wars initiated
1985-Gorbachev comes to power and introduce democratic (Glasnost) and capitalism (Perestroika) reforms
1988-Soviets leave Afghanistan (beaten, Frustrated)
1989-berlin wall falls, SU loses its satellite'
1989-Tiananmen Square massacre in China -
Why did the US win the cold war
-in the long run, USSR's weaker communist system could not keep up the race; economic collapse
-Mikhail Gorbachev was elected in USSR in 1985(introduced democratic reforms)
-Soviet union collapsed in 1991 -
George Bush
1991- SU collapses
1991-Russia elects Boris Yeltsin to lead new democracy -
Business cycle
-recession a slow down in the economy for two consecutive 6 months in a row, people become nervous and cautious
-depression a serve, prolonged slowdown or break down in the economy people react with fear and panic
-recovery active economic growth for two consecutive quarters following a recession, depression people became optimistic
-prosperity an extended period of economic growth people develop trust, confidence in economy
Capitalism is a market economy driven by the laws of supply and demand -
21st amendment
The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed. Section 2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.
