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He bought his first ferry boat at 16, started shipping.
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The square deal
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The rural population doubled, but urban population grew 700%
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North and South are fighting over slavery
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Laws passed by Southern states in the United States after the American Civil War in order to restrict African Americans' freedom and to compel them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.
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Rebuilding (Economy, Political & Social) the Southern states to the Union (Nation)
1863 - Lincoln was working on a plan -
Was established by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War.
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by J.D. Rockefeller
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by J. Riis
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limited government
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protected and encouraged inventions
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- Natural Resources
- Capital
- Labor Supply
- Technology
- Consumers
- Transportation
- Government Cooperation
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-before 1880
-from Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany -
He owned 90% of the oil monopoly
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-after 1880
-from Italy, Greece, Slavic -
He controlled 25% of US steel production
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Reform: to change things to make them better
Middle class: people not classified as rich or poor
Hull house: settlement house to help the poor
Recall: vote to remove a politician from office
Referendum: citizens vote for yes or no on a law
Arbitration: help to sides to compromise
Secret ballot: vote in private
Direct primary: voters choose candidates for elections
Conservation: efforts to protect the environment
Initiative: citizens place laws on the ballot -
In the US there were 4,000 millionaires, 90% of wealth controlled by 10% of the population
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Jane Addams: organized hull house
Ida Tarbell: wrote a history of the standard oil co.
Jacob Riis: wrote about poverty and slums in cities
Theodore Roosevelt: president from 1901-1908
Woodrow Wilson: president from 1912-1920
William Howard Taft: president from 1908-1912
Robert La Follette: reform governor of Wisconsin
Upton Sinclair: wrote the jungle
Eugene Debs: socialist candidate for president -
Interstate commerce commission: government agency used to supervise railroads
Square deal: name of TR's plan to help people
Coal strike of 1902: settled by TR because of arbitration -
Pure food and drug act: a law that says you have to put labels on food
Meat inspection act: government checks if the meat is good or bad
Hepburn act: gave the government power to set railroads rates
Muckrakers: journalists who exposed the bad things in the US
Sherman antitrust act: law to limit the size and power of big business
Progressivism: a movement to get the government involved in society -
Bull moose party: name of TR's political party in elections of 1912
Clayton antitrust act: strengthened Sherman antitrust act
New freedom: name of Wilson's plan to help people
Federal trade commission: a government agency that watches over businesses
Payne-Aldrich tariff: raised the tariff to almost 50% -
16th amendment: provided for a federal income tax
Democrat: name of Wilson's political party
Underwood tariff: lowered tariff for the first time since the civil war
17th amendment: direct election of senators
Federal reserve act: improved America's banking system -
-Fix problems of the gilded age
-Reformers for change
-Urbanization
Progressivism:
-Suffragettes
-Populists (William J. Bryan)
-Temperance
-Labor Unions
-Civil Rights
4 goals:
-Protecting social welfare (Florence Kelly)
-Promoting moral improvement (Prohibition)
-Creating economic reform (Eugene V. Debs-union leader)
-Fostering efficiency (Henry Ford) -
Florence Kelly helped with that
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20 million people lived in poverty (very small middle class)
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Andrew Carnegie sold his business to J.P. Morgan and he renamed it as the US Steel
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by U.Sinclair
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No income tax
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Direct election of senators
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Prohibition
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Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism -
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria
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Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, the US (1917)
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- Zimmerman telegram
- Unrestricted submarine warfare
- To make the world safer for democracy
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The assassination of Franz Ferdinand (Austria's heir to the throne) by a Bosnian Serb nationalist in Sarajevo
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Treaty of Versailles
- new independent nations were formed in Europe
- League of Nation was formed to maintain peace (Wilson's 14 points)
- Germany was mainly punished
The US didn't sign, they didn't want to make alliances and start with isolationism
The US made a Treaty with Germany in 1921 -
Suffrage: the right to vote for women
