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Laissez-Faire
Absentation from governments from interfering in the workings of the free market. -
Branches of the Government
Executive branch-enforces laws
Legislative Branch-makes laws
Judicial Branch-interprets laws -
Constitution - Signed
September 17, 1787 -
James Madison
Father of the Constitution, Federalist, -
13th Amendment
This amendment abolished slavery. -
14th-19th amendments
14th-No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States
15th-Prohibits the government from denying citizens right to vote based on that citizen's race or color.
16th-Allows the government to collect an income tax from all Americans.
17th-Provides a direct election of U.S. senators by the voters of the states.
18th-Prohibited the sale, manufacture, or transportation of alcoholic beverages.
19 women's rights -
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Was in the shipping and rail industry. Once was the wealthiest man in America. He built the Grand Central Depot. Made a deal with John D. Rockefeller. -
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew was born to a poor Scottish family. He was an immigrant. Became a private secretary to the local superintendent of the Pennsylvania railroad. -
James Hill
Canadian born but settled in St.Paul. He built the Great Northern Railroad. -
John D. Rockefeller
Founded Standard Oil Company in 1870. He was the nation's first billionaire. John gave away 500 million dollars. -
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore created the progressive party also known as the bull moose party. He grew up in New York. Went to Harvard. He became a lifelong advocate of exercise and taking care of his body. As a young adult both his mother and wife died. -
Period: to
Civil War
Issue over Slavery - North and South -
Reconstruction Era 1865-1877
1863 - Lincoln was already planning Reconstruction -
Reconstruction Act of 1867
1866-1877
This act laid out the process of readmitting states to the Union. Restored black people's rights. -
7 Factors of America's Industrial Growth
1.) Natural resources
2.) Capital
3.) Labor
4.) Technology
5.) Consumers
6.) Transportation
7.) Government cooperation -
Period: to
Industrial Age
A period of history for economic and social organization change in America. -
Period: to
Gilded Age
Time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics and growing the gap between the rich and poor -
Compromise of 1877
An event in which the Federal Government pulled their last troops out of the South and officially ended the Reconstruction Era. -
Tariffs
High tariffs that kept out foreign goods. -
Labor Supply
Before 1880 was the wave of the "old" immigrants. Almost all of them came from Great Britain, Germany, and Scandinavia.
After 1880 was the wave of new immigrants. Came from Italy, Greece, and Slavia. Their different languages, religions, and customs set them apart from the old migrants. -
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
A law that suspended Chinese immigration into America. Ban was supposed to last for only 10 years but it kept getting expanded and ended up lasting until World War 2. -
Muckrakers and Reformers
These people mainly wanted to end political corruption, improve the lives of Americans, and protect civilians. Jane Addams established Chicago's hull house. She was a reformer. Upton was a muckraker that wrote the Jungle. The Jungle was a book that warned Americans what they were eating and a book that influenced Theodore Roosevelt to convince Congress to pass the pure food and drug act. -
American Federation of Labor
Founded by Samuel Gompers. It sought better wages, hours, and working conditions. -
Gospel of Wealth
In this book by Andrew Carnegie, he says that the rich have an obligation to improve society with their fortunes. He believed in philanthropy. -
Progressive Presidents
Theodore Roosevelt,
William H. Taft,
Woodrow Wilson -
Sherman Antitrust Act
The first federal action against monopolies. Signed into law by Harrison and was used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. Was misused against labor unions. -
Vertical and Horizontal integration
Vertical = A single entity controls the entire process of a product.
Horizontal = Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Like Rockefeller. -
Period: to
Progressive Era
A period of social activism and political reform. The progressive movement was mainly addressing the problems caused by urbanization, industrialization, immigration, and political corruption. -
Election of 1912
A 3-way race between William Taft, Theodore Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Woodrow Wilson is elected. Theodore Roosevelt formed the Progressive Bull Moose Party. This split weakened the Republican Party. -
William Howard Taft
President from 1909 to 1913. Born into a wealthy Ohio family. Educated in law at Yale University. Was very large, honest, loyal, poor speaker, lacked tact, and procrastinator. Taft would prove himself more conservative than TR or Wilson. Broke up 90 monopolies, including Standard Oil in 1911. Supported the passage of the 16th and 17th amendments. Established the 8 hour day for government workers. Signed Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act. Angered progressives. -
Woodrow Wilson
Born in Virginia to a middle-class family. Father was a minister. Graduated from Princeton University in 1879. Was a professor of law and economics at Princeton. Became a governor of New Jersey in 1910. Won election over the presidency in 1912. Republicans would blame TR for Wilson's victory. Created the Federal Reserve System. Worked for passage of Clayton Anti-trust Act of 1914. All 4 progressive Era Amendments went into effect while he was president. -
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria, and Italy for some time. -
Allies
Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and the United States. -
Causes of WW1
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
sometimes extreme leaders -
The Spark
Franz Ferdinand, the archduke of Austria Hungary, was shot and killed along with his wife. The assassin was part of the Black Hand and supported Serbia. The king of Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia so he didn't seem weak. The alliances that were made by the countries forced them to fight each other. -
Reasons why the U.S. went into WW1
Woodrow Wilson was able to convince Congress to declare war on Germany because "the world must be safe for democracy." Germany was sinking American ships, including The Lusitania. The Zimmerman telegram was also one of the reasons. It was a telegram, intercepted by Britain. It was a supposed telegram from Germany that said they were going to attack America. -
J.P Morgan
Is known as the "Giant of Finance". Began his career as an accountant. Was a banker and a great organizer of companies. Bought Carnegie Steel in 1901. -
Jim Crow Laws
Enhanced segregation towards blacks. Caused by the laws of the South that the North chose.
