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Triple Entente
France, Britain, Russia -
Causes Of World War One
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, and Extreme Leaders -
Western Front
Was the main theater of the first world war. The western front invaded Luxembourg and Belgium. Germany VS. France -
Eastern Front
Eastern Front is where troops from Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Russia, and the Balkans fought. It was larger than the Western Front. -
Trench Warfare
Conditions were bad; Dead bodies, rats, lice, exhaustion, Miserable, riddled with disease, and trench foot. -
Central Powers
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.
Fought against Allied Powers. -
Allied Powers
Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and the United States.
Fought against central powers. -
What Sparked the War
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Ferdinand was from Austria-Hungary and was assassinated by Serb on June 28,1914 -
Declaring war
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia (1914)
Germany declares war on Russia(1914)
Germany declares war on France (1914)
Great Britain declares war on Germany(1914)
Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary(1915)
United States declare war on Germany(1917) -
New Technology used
Guns, Zeppelin( airship), Gas (1915), Tank, Planes, and torpedoes. -
Convoy System
Group of ships sailing together for protection -
Treaty Of Versailles
Signed on June 28th, 1919 -
Speakeasy
illegal bar that served liquor during Prohibition -
Wet
against prohibition -
Installment Buying
Buying on credit and paying it back over time with interest -
Return to Normalcy
President Harding's slogan to Americans that America needed to return the normal way of life before The Great War (World War I). -
18th amendment
banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol -
Flapper
young woman in the 1920's who declared her independence from traditional rules and fashion styles -
Prohibition
Time period where America was dry of alcohol due to the 18th Amendment -
Bootlegger
a person who made and smuggled alcohol -
19th amendment
Women earned the right to vote after suffrage leaders held conventions, parades, silent protest, and hunger strikes -
Red scare
Fear of communism -
Red
A radical, anarchist, or communist -
xenophobia
fear of immagrants -
Fundamentalism
Movement in the 20th century emphasizing the literally interpretation of the Bible as a fundamental to Christian life and teaching -
The Charleston
a new dance fad of the 1920s -
Suburbs
neighborhoods that grew up around the cities because of the automobile -
F. Scott Fitzgerald
a novelist who wrote about the jazz age of the 1920s -
Harlem Renaissance
a cultural movement: the rebirth of African American culture -
Aaron Copland
composer known for uniquely American music -
George Gershwin
composer know for uniquely American music -
Communism
an economic and political system in which the state controls the means of production and a single party rules -
Jacob Lawrence
a famous painter that showed the story of the Great Migration -
labor-saving devices of the 1920s
electric stove, vacuum, refrigerator -
19th amendment
Gave women the right to vote -
Babe Ruth
baseball hero of the 1920s -
Anarchists
people who oppose all forms of organized government -
Coca-Cola, Jell-O, Campbell's soup
advertising and improved transportation led to the creation of national brands -
Race Riots In 1919
occurred because of competition between blacks and whites for jobs -
The Jazz Singer
In 1927, the first "talkie" movie -
Louis Armstrong
Famous jazz trumpet player during the Harlem Renaissance -
Duke Ellington
famous jazz musician and band director during the Harlem Renaissance -
Langston Hughes
poet during the Harlem Renaissance -
Bessie Smith
famous blues singer of the Harlem Renaissance -
Organized Crime
an unintended consequence of Prohibition -
Henry Ford
made the automobile affordable by using the assembly line -
The Wright Brothers
First in flight -
21st Amendment(1933)
repealed the 18th amendment -
Temperance Movement
the movement to ban alcohol -
Georgia O'Keeffe
an artist known for the painting of urban scenes, flowers, and the southwest -
president Harding
Isolationism -
African Americans
Moved to the North -
Selling Stocks
rising prices on the stock market encouraged people to take risks by -
Major democratic change
movement from rural to urban areas -
Rise of The Mass Media
development of national culture -
Demographic
statistics describing populations -
Quota
numerical order -
Buying on Margin
the purchasing of stocks by paying only a small percentage (10%) of the price and borrowing the rest -
Great Migration
A Large numbers of African Americans leaving the South for the hopes/dreams/jobs of the North -
Herbert Hoover
He did more than any other president before him had done during a depression. -
Business Cycle
Fluctuations in economic activity such as employment and production.
Prosperity- (peak) extended the growth
Recession- (contraction) slowed down
Depression-(trough) lowest point
Recovery-(expansion) growth -
Federal Reserve
The central bank of the U.S. -
Hitler
German politician and leader of the Nazi Party. He rose to power as Chancellor of Germany in 1933 and later Führer in 1934. born in 1889 -
Hoover and FDR-What they have in common
cutting income tax and created public work programs -
Objections of the New Deal
Huey Long, Charles Coughlin, and Dr. Francis Townsend -
Herbert Hoover
Won big in the election of 1928. He promised to continue prosperity and pledged har work. He was popular with BOTH parties. -
Causes Of The Great Depression
Dependence on credit, unwise foreign policy, failing American farms/Agriculture, troubled American industry, uneven distribution of income, stock market speculation. -
John Steinbeck
author of the book The Grapes of Wrath -
President Herbert Hoovers Approach To Great Depression
Trickle down theory, reconstruction finance corporation, rugged individualism, indirect relief, bonus army, no deficit spending, Hawley-Smoot tariff, conservative approach, depression is a local problem, constructed the boulder dam, republican, federal farm board, balanced budget. -
President Roosevelt's approach to great depression
Brain Trust, New Deal, Deficit spending, direct relief, liberal approach, appointed the first lady to the cabinet, elected president 4 times, fireside chats, adopted John Maynard Keynes Theory, 21st amendment, 3 R's - Relief(CCC, FERA, WPA), Recovery(AAA, NIRA, PWA), Reform(FDIC, NLRB, SEC, social security), Created FDIC, ordered bank holiday, Democrat, court packing affair. -
Bonus Army
A group of WWI veterans that demanded early payment of their military bonus. -
FDR
American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd president of the United States (born in 1882) -
Great depression facts
The stock market lost almost 90% of its value, Around 11,000 banks failed, More than $1 billion in bank deposits were lost due to bank closings, Around 300,000 companies went out of business, Millions of people migrated away from the Dust Bowl region in the Midwest -
Period: to
The Great Depression
the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world. -
Period: to
Dust Bowl
A period of severe dust storms and drought. -
Invasion
Italy invaded Ethiopia and took control -
Control
Italy wanted to control the Mediterranean Sea -
Munich Conference
Germany, Italy, Britain, and France -
Goal of Munich Conference
stop further German aggression in Europe -
Treaty of Versailles
Hitler violated this treaty when he rearmed and sent troops to Rhineland -
Invasion
Germany invaded Poland with blitzkrieg attack (WW II begins)
Japan gained control of Manchuria -
Neutrality Act
no arms from the United States -
Cash-n-Carry Policy
Purpose to aid the Allies -
Allies
Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, and the United States -
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, and Japan -
European Theater
Name given to the fighting that took place in Europe -
Rhineland
Hitler put the military in this demilitarized zone -
Austria
Hitler took over -
Appeasement
Giving in to the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace. -
Munich Pact
Signed in 1938 between Great Britain, Germany, and France that gave part of Czechoslovakia to Germany -
Nazism
An extreme form of fascism shaped by Hitler's fanatical ideas about German nationalism and racial superiority -
Spanish Civil War
A war between the fascists and socialists that led to Spain becoming a Fascist country. -
Facism
A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and no tolerance of opposition. -
Benito Mussolini
Leader of Fascist Italy -
Non-aggression Pact
Signed between Hitler and Stalin agreeing not to attack one another -
Causes of WW2
Nationalism, Imperialism, the Great Depression, and the Treaty of Versailles -
Period: to
WW2
Global War -
"Phony War"
Period of no fighting September 1939 - April 1940 -
Battle of The Bulge
Hitler's last major offensive -
Uniform Coupon Rationing
used for sugar and shoes -
Differential Coupon Rationing
used for gasoline and fuel oil -
Certificates
used for special, single item purchases such as tires, typewriters, and stoves. -
Imperialism
Taking of land/property -
Nationalism
extreme pride in one's nationality or country -
Militarism
Building weapons or a strong military -
Totalitarian Dictatorships
leaders who control all aspects of society -
Fascism
a political philosophy, movement, or regime that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition -
Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941 -
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941. -
Amount killed
Allied: 8,607
German: 11,171 -
Troops
Allied: 83,000
German: 200,000 -
Tanks and Guns
Allied: 1,452
German: 1,361 -
Start of German Thrust
Dec. 16th, 1944 -
German offensive Ended
Dec. 22nd, 1944 -
Bastogne
Located in Belgium -
Battle Plan and The 6 Elements
Hitler made the battle plan
The 6 elements are; Surprise, the strength of the blow, Speed of the advance, slow American response, poor performance by the GI's, and bad weather -
Significant Cause of WW2
Nazi Aggression -
League of Nations
Collective security -
What Triggered the start of WW2 in Europe
Hitler Invaded Poland -
ENIGMA
a device used by the German military command to encode strategic messages before and during World War II -
D-Day
Allied forces invaded northern France by means of beach landings in Normandy June 6, 1944 -
Allies during WW2/Cold War
The U.S. and Soviet Union were allies during WW2
Both countries spied on each other
Both wanted to share as little as possible in the victory over the Axis powers
Communism was spreading -
Who Took Over Eastern Europe/ Cold War
Stalin took over eastern Europe ----> The Iron Curtain -
Joseph Stalin
Dictator of the Societ Union during WWII -
Manchuria
a resource-rich region in Northern China -
Rationing
Limiting the purchase of a variety of products -
Convoy system
a system where cargo ships traveled in groups escorted by navy wasships -
atomic weapons
The U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on Japan and Harry Truman made the choice -
Consequence of Hawley-Smoot Tariff
It contributed to a drastic decline in international trade -
Iron Curtain
symbol of the cold war -
Peoples Republic of China / Cold War
Mao Zedong created the Peoples Republic Of China
~North Korea
~Vietnam -
What Was It? and Who Fought It?/ Cold War
Hostility between post-WW2 superpowers: The U.S (Free World) versus USSR(Communist World)
~ would last about 45 years
~ Neither country directly fought one another -
Where was it Fought? / Cold War
wherever communism threatened globally -
Space Race
(1957-1969)
1. launching satellites( Sputnik 1957; Soviet victory)
2. Race to the moon( U.S. victory) -
Sports and movies
- Olympic games served as a cold war battlefield
- Stereotypes: A. we portrayed the Soviets as cold and ruthless B. They Portrayed Americans as spoiled and undisciplined.
-
How was it Fought?/Cold War
Arms Race, Space Race, Sports, and Movies. -
Arms Race
(Each side built up huge nuclear arsenals), 1949- USSR achieved an atomic explosion, Technology on both sides led to advanced: 1. destructive power 2. numbers of weapons( mutually assured destruction) 3. methods of delivery -
Why did the U.S. win the Cold War?
USSR's weaker communist system could not keep up the race; economic collapse.
~Mikhail Gorbachev was elected in USSR in 1985(introduced democratic reforms)
~ Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 -
Why did China give aid to North Korea
they were both communists countries -
Demilitarized Zone
A region between countries in which no military activity is permitted -
Point Rationing
used for meat and processed foods -
Militarization
A society organized around preparing for the military conflict -
Stalemate
A military situation in which neither side can gain an advantage -
Containment
America's policy of stopping communism from spreading -
Capitalism
An economic system based on private property, including private ownership of the means of production, and the profit motive -
Communist
system of government in which a single party controls a state-owned economy -
38th parallel
divides north and south Korea -
United Nations
International peace-keeping organization after World War II -
Truman Doctrine
A policy that America would provide economic and military aid to any nation fighting communism -
Vocab
Fidel-communist dictator of Cuba, Marshall Plan- aid will rebuild western Europe, Truman Doctrine-aid aimed at saving Greece and Turkey, Nikita Khrushchev- New Soviet Premier, Ronald Regan- Strategic defense initiative(star wars), John F. Kennedy- Bay of Pigs invasion, Dwight d. Eisenhower- Korean conflict ends in a stalemate at the 38th parallel, Geroge Bush Sr.-soviet union collapses, Harry Truman-2nd red scare, Richard Nixon- NASSA achieves moon landing
