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Reconstruction & Reconstruction Amendments
The North tries to help get rid of slavery in the south by various ways like passing the 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments and placing Union troops down in the south to enforce them. 13th - No slavery. 14th - everyone born or naturalized in US is a citizen. 15th - if in protected class, then can vote. -
Scott v. Stanford
Blacks were not citizens of the United States. They were counted as Property. So slavery was protected by the 5th Amendment of Due Process. -
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Jim Crow Era
Even though slavery was banned, white people still tried to make themselves more superior and discriminated blacks by a series of rules/regulations called the Jim Crow Laws. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy, a black man, went on to the white parts of a segregated train on purpose, and got arrested. The courts sided against Plessy and made the saying "Separate But Equal". -
19th Amendment
Women have voting rights as well as men. -
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Scottsboro Boys
They were nine black boys who got falsely accused by 2 white women of rape. There were in total 4 trials, and not all nine made it out. The jury was all white and racists. -
George Stinney Case
He was a 14 year old black boy who was falsely accused of murder as a result of racism. He was the youngest person to get electrocuted to death. -
Brown v. Board
This is the case where Congress threw away "Separate But Equal", because in this case, there were two segregated schools, that were both "tangibly" equal. However, by segregating the schools, the black children thought themselves inferior to the white kids, so it affected their school day. Therefore, Congress threw away "Separate But Equal". -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This Act enforced the principles of Brown v. Board. It specifically lists the protected classes, and states that whichever States does not stop segregation will lose its funding from the National Government. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Stated pre-clearance, which states that certain localities must receive prior approval from the National Government before altering a voting law. -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
It protects people's right of house segregation. The blacks houses were much more bad and squalid than a white person's man. -
California v. Bakke
The incorporation of race in determining school admittances is unconstitutional. -
Gratz v. Bollinger
Point systems for enrolling in a school and giving extra points to a specific race is Unconstitutional. -
Meredith v. Jefferson Co Board (Louisville school integration)
Louisville was trying to keep race integration in schools. However, it forced to have greater than 15% and less than 50% blacks in the school. A white mom, Meredith, sued, saying the government was violating the students 14th Amendment right of Equal Protection Clause. The Government then overthrew the rule. -
Shelby County v. Holder
Elimination of Pre-clearance, which is when States want to alter a voting law, they have to get permission to change it from the Federal Government before the State changes it.
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