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Urbanization
Urbanization is a population shift from rural to urban areas, "the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas", and the ways in which each society adapts to the change. Urbanization is a word for becoming more like a city. When populations of people grow, the population of a place may spill over from city to nearby areas. This is called urbanization. -
Political Machines
A political machine is a political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts. Political machines offered immigrants employment, food, money and other basic necessities in the period around the mid-1800s, according to The City University of New York. Political machines provided this aid in exchange for votes. -
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Susan B. Anthony
Susan Brownell Anthony was an American social reformer and women's rights advocate who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. Susan B. Anthony was a leading, tireless advocate for a woman's right to vote. Susan B. Anthony(1820-1906) is perhaps the most widely known suffragist of her generation and has become an icon of the woman's suffrage movement. -
Monroe Doctrine
A principle of US policy, originated by President James Monroe in 1823, that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the US. The Monroe Doctrine was a U.S. policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas beginning in 1823. The Monroe Doctrine is the best known U.S. policy toward the Western Hemisphere. -
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Nativism
The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. A return to or emphasis on traditional or local customs, in opposition to outside influences. The theory or doctrine that concepts, mental capacities, and mental structures are innate rather than acquired or learned. Nativism is the political position of supporting a favored status for certain established inhabitants of a nation as compared to claims of newcomers or immigrants. -
Indian Removal
Indian removal was a policy of the United States government in the 19th century whereby Native Americans were forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands in the eastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River, thereafter known as Indian Territory. -
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Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish American industrialist who led the large expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. He is usually identified as one of the richest people and one of the richest Americans ever. Andrew Carnegie's life was a true "rags to riches" story. -
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Industrilization
Industrialization is the process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods. Individual manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production, and craftsmen are replaced by assembly lines. industrialization is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one, involving the extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing. -
Manifest Destiny
The 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. In the 19th century, manifest destiny was a widely held belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America. Expansion westward seemed perfectly natural to many Americans in the mid-nineteenth century. -
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Bessemer Process
A steel-making process, now largely superseded, in which carbon, silicon, and other impurities are removed from molten pig iron by oxidation in a blast of air in a special tilting retort. The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. -
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Eugene V. Debs
Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs was an American union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World, and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Outspoken leader of the labor movement, Eugene Debs opposed Woodrow Wilson as the Socialist Party candidate in the 1912 Presidential Election. -
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Clarence Darrow
Clarence Seward Darrow was an American lawyer, leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union, and prominent advocate for Georgist economic reform. Clarence Darrow esteemed himself a humanitarian. -
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Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. was an American statesman, author, explorer, soldier, naturalist, and reformer who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909. Theodore Roosevelt believed in a vigorous lifestyle. The rising young Republican politician Theodore Roosevelt unexpectedly became the 26th president of the United States in September 1901, after the assassination of William McKinley. -
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Robber Barons (Captains of Industry)
An unscrupulous plutocrat, especially an American capitalist who acquired a fortune in the late nineteenth century by ruthless means. Robber Baron is a derogatory metaphor of social criticism originally applied to certain late 19th century American businessmen who used unscrupulous methods to get rich. Robber Baron was a term applied to a businessman in the 19th century who engaged in unethical and monopolistic practices, wielded widespread political influence, and amassed enormous wealth. -
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William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan was an American orator and politician from Nebraska, and a dominant force in the populist wing of the Democratic Party, standing three times as the Party's nominee for President of the United States. William Jennings Bryan became a Nebraska congressman in 1890. He starred at the 1896 Democratic convention with his Cross of Gold speech that favored free silver, but was defeated in his bid to become U.S. president by William McKinley. -
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Jane Addams
Jane Addams was a pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace. Jane Addams was the second woman to receive the Peace Prize. -
Homestead Act
Signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on May 20, 1862, the Homestead Act encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land. In exchange, homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land. The Homestead Acts were several United States federal laws that gave an applicant ownership of land, typically called a "homestead", at little or no cost. -
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Ida B. Wells
Ida Bell Wells-Barnett, more commonly known as Ida B. Wells, was an African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, feminist Georgist, and an early leader in the Civil Rights Movement. -
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The Gilded Age
The Gilded Age is defined as the time between the Civil War and World War I during which the U.S. population and economy grew quickly, there was a lot of political corruption and corporate financial mis-dealings and many wealthy people lived very fancy lives. -
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Social Gospel
Christian faith practiced as a call not just to personal conversion but to social reform. The Social Gospel was a Protestant movement that was most prominent in the early 20th-century United States and Canada. The early social gospel movement emerged during the rapidly industrializing American society following the Civil War. -
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Upton Sinclair
Upton Beall Sinclair, Jr. was an American writer of nearly 100 books and other works across a number of genres. Sinclair's work was well-known and popular in the first half of the twentieth century, and he won the Pulitzer Prize for Comedy in 1943. -
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
It was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States. In the spring of 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed by Congress and signed by President Chester A. Arthur. This act provided an absolute 10-year moratorium on Chinese labor immigration. -
Haymarket Riot
The Haymarket affair was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago. The Haymarket affair was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago. -
Dawes Act
The Dawes Act of 1887, adopted by Congress in 1887, authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. Approved on February 8, 1887, "An Act to Provide for the Allotment of Lands in Severalty to Indians on the Various Reservations," known as the Dawes Act, emphasized severalty, the treatment of Native Americans as individuals rather than as members of tribes. -
Yellow Journalism
Yellow journalism is journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration. Yellow journalism was a style of newspaper reporting that emphasized sensationalism over facts. Yellow journalism uses sensationalism and exaggeration to attract readers. -
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Klondike Rush
The Klondike Gold Rush was a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada between 1896 and 1899. -
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Muckracker
The term muckraker was used in the Progressive Era to characterize reform-minded American journalists who attacked established institutions and leaders as corrupt. They typically had large audiences in some popular magazines. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
An Act— For preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes. The Pure Food and Drug Act was a centerpiece of progressive reforms in the early 20th century. -
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Dollar Diplomacy
Dollar diplomacy is the use of a country's financial power to extend its international influence. Dollar diplomacy was a policy intended to increase American influence abroad by guaranteeing loans made by American banks to foreign countries. It is a government policy of promoting the business interests of its citizens in other countries. -
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16th Amendment
The 16th Amendment changed a portion of Article I, Section 9. The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. -
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17th Amendment
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislatures. The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states. -
Federal Reserve Act
The Federal Reserve Act is an Act of Congress that created and established the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States, and which created the authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes (now commonly known as the U.S. Dollar) and Federal Reserve Bank Notes as legal tender. It took many months and nearly straight party-line voting, but on December 23, 1913, the Senate passed and President Woodrow Wilson signed the Federal Reserve Act. -
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18th Amendment
The Eighteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution effectively established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the the production, transport, and sale of alcohol illegal. The 21st amendment repeals the 18th amendment in 1933, and today we call the period that the 18th Amendment was law Prohibition. The 18th amendment is the only amendment to be repealed from the constitution. -
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Tea Pot Dome Scandal
The Teapot Dome scandal was a bribery incident that took place in the United States from 1921 to 1922, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. Although the Teapot Dome Scandal of the 1920s was named for a Wyoming rock formation resembling a teapot, the wrongdoers were not from the state. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted American women the right to vote—a right known as woman suffrage. At the time the U.S. was founded, its female citizens did not share all of the same rights as men, including the right to vote. The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex.
