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Period: 1385 to 1526
Portugal 🇵🇹
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1386
The Treaty of Windsor🇵🇹
While slightly before the Age of Exploration officially began, the Treaty of Windsor between England and Portugal in 1386 was foundational for Portugal's role in later exploration It established a strong diplomatic and military alliance between the two nations -
Period: 1491 to
🇪🇸 Spain
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1492
Christopher Columbus’s first voyage 🇪🇸
Christopher Columbus he on search for a new route to Asia -
1494
The Treaty of Tordesillas 🇪🇸
It’s a treaty that was signed by Spain and Portugal -
Period: 1496 to
France 🇫🇷
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1497
John Cabot's Voyage to North America 🇫🇷
Although Cabot was an Italian sailing under the English flag, his exploration had major implications for France First European exploration of the North American continent and inspired France to focus on the Americas -
1497
🇵🇹 The First Voyage of Vasco da Gama to India
One of the most significant events in Portugal's Age of Exploration was Vasco da Gama's voyage to India. In 1497, Vasco da Gama sailed around the Cape of Good Hope (the southern tip of Africa) and reached the coast of India in 1498 -
1500
🇵🇹The Establishment of the Portuguese Colonial Empire in Brazil
Pedro Álvares Cabral, a Portuguese explorer, accidentally landed on the coast of present-day Brazil. Cabral was en route to India but diverted westward and discovered Brazil -
1519
The Conquest of the Aztec Empire 🇪🇸
conquistador Hernán Cortés landed on the coast of present-day Mexico and began his conquest of the Aztec Empire -
1526
🇵🇹The Portuguese Involvement in the Slave Trade
Portugal played a major role in the transatlantic slave trade, beginning in the 16th century. Portuguese traders established a network of slave trading posts along the west coast of Africa -
1534
Jacques Cartier’s Exploration of Canada 🇫🇷
Cartier claimed the land for France and established the first French foothold in Canada, laying the groundwork for French colonization of what would become New France (Canada -
1562
The French Wars of Religion🇫🇷
a series of conflicts between Catholics and Huguenots (Protestants), significantly affected French efforts in exploration. During this period, France was distracted by internal strife, which delayed its colonization efforts -
Period: 1579 to
England 🏴
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1580
🏴Sir Francis Drake's Circumnavigation of the Globe
an English privateer and explorer, famously circumnavigated the globe from 1577 to 1580. This historic voyage, sponsored by Queen Elizabeth I, made Drake the second person (after Ferdinand Magellan) to complete the journey around the world -
🏴The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
King Philip II of Spain sent a massive fleet to invade England, but Queen Elizabeth I's navy, aided by favorable weather and strategic maneuvering, defeated the Armada. This victory not only protected England from Spanish invasion but also marked the rise of England as a dominant naval power -
The Establishment of the Spanish Armada 🇪🇸
a large fleet of ships, was assembled by King Philip II of Spain in 1588 with the goal of invading England and overthrowing Protestant Queen Elizabeth I -
🏴The Establishment of the East India Company
Queen Elizabeth I granted a royal charter to the English East India Company, which was formed to pursue trade with the East Indies (Southeast Asia) and later expanded its focus to India and China -
🏴The Founding of the Virginia Colony
the English established the Jamestown Colony in Virginia, which became the first permanent English settlement in North America -
The Founding of New France 🇫🇷
a French navigator and explorer, founded the city of Québec, which became the capital of New France. This marked the beginning of sustained French colonization in North America