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500 BCE
Evidence of iron smelting in Nigeria and central Niger.
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Period: 300 to 1200
The kingdom of Ghana's history begins.
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800
Islam begins to spread through Africa
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830
Ghana's ruling dynasty began.
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1000
Headrest
Wood headrest ornamented with horse heads projecting from both sides of the rectangular base, which is itself decorated with triangular chip-carved motifs around the top and sides. A rectangular cavity is carved in the center of the seat. A small animal head, probably a horse, projects from the lower portion of the base. -
1100
Manilla
Copper ring forged from a cast ingot into a hexagonal bar. The ends are heavily "upset" or compressed into a button head and then bent into a C shape. There is a dark patina with highlights from wear. -
1148
Coin
Gold coin in square cardstock envelope, thin, circular with double square (or lozenge according to the orientation established by the hole at either side) and Arabic script, pearled border. Almohad Dynasty, Fez mint. -
1200
Ring
Cast copper alloy U form ring with ends that flare into balloon forms that meet in the middle, each with a flat triangular spike that is riveted together. Ring has an overall delicate incised linear pattern and heavy green, possibly archaeological patina. -
1200
Jar
Red colored bowl with lightly incised parallel lines around the rim. -
Period: 1200 to 1500
The kingdom of Mali's history starts after Ghana
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1301
Mali started the trading system.
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Period: 1464 to
Songhai, the last of the first three, started
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Songhai had a war
