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The American Civil War
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Period: to
Reconstruction Period
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13th Amendment
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The civil rights act of 1866
passed by Congress, despite president Johnson's disagreement. All persons born in the United States are citizens -
The Memphis Massacre
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14th Amendment
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15th Amendment
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The Enforcement Act of 1870
The Enforcement Act of 1870 prohibited discrimination by state officials in voter registration on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. It established penalties for interfering with a person's right to vote and gave federal courts the power to enforce the act -
The Enforcement Act of 1871
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The Klu Klux Klan Act
Or Second Enforcement Act of 1871, made state officials liable in federal court for depriving anyone of their civil rights or the equal protection of the laws. It further made a number of the KKK's intimidation tactics into federal offenses, authorized the president to call out the militia to suppress conspiracies against the operation of the federal government, and prohibited those suspected of complicity in such conspiracies to serve on juries related to the Klan's activities -
The Civil rights act of 1875
The act was designed to "protect all citizens in their civil and legal rights", providing for equal treatment in public accommodations and public transportation and prohibiting exclusion from jury service. -
First Jim Crow laws
White Democrats regain power in many southern state legislatures and pass the first Jim Crow laws. -
Lynch Laws in all its Phases, Ida B. Wells
Ida B. Wells publishes her pamphlet Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases. -
The National Association of Colored Women
The National Association of Colored Women is formed by the merger of smaller groups. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
the U.S. Supreme Court upholds de jure racial segregation of "separate but equal" facilities. -
Up From Slavery, Booker T. Washington
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W.E.B. Dubois, The Souls of Black Folks
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The Niagara Movement
created by a group of black activists - which led to the creation of the NAACP - after the first Niagara Conference on 11/07/1905 -
Creation of the NAACP
Planned first meeting of group which would become the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), an interracial group devoted to civil rights -
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The Great Black Migration
he Great Migration begins and lasts until 1940. Approximately one and a half million African Americans move from the Southern United States to the North and Midwest. More than five million migrate in the Second Great Migration from 1940 to 1970, which includes more destinations in California and the West. -
Murder of Mary Turner
Mary Turner was a 33-year-old lynched in Lowndes County, Georgia who was Eight months pregnant. Turner and her child were murdered after she publicly denounced the extrajudicial killing of her husband by a mob. Her death is considered a stark example of racially motivated mob violence in the American south, and was referenced by the NAACP's anti-lynching campaign of the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. -
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The Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual and cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, politics and scholarship centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, spanning the 1920s and 1930s. -
Red Summer
Red Summer was a period in mid-1919 during which white supremacist terrorism and racial riots occurred in more than three dozen cities across the United States, and in one rural county in Arkansas. The term "Red Summer" was coined by civil rights activist and author James Weldon Johnson, who had been employed as a field secretary by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) since 1916. In 1919, he organized peaceful protests against the racial violence -
Moore v. Dempsey
the U.S. Supreme Court holds that mob-dominated trials violate the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. -
Executive Order 8802
signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to prohibit ethnic or racial discrimination in the nation's defense industry. -
Executive Order 9981
President Harry S. Truman issues Executive Order 9981 ordering the end of racial discrimination in the Armed Forces. Desegregation comes after 1950. -
Sweatt v.Painter
the U.S. Supreme Court rules that a separate-but-equal Texas law school was actually unequal, partly in that it deprived black students from the collegiality of future white lawyers -
Overturning of Plessy v. Ferguson
The U.S. Supreme Court rules against the "separate but equal" doctrine in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kans. and in Bolling v. Sharpe, thus overturning Plessy v. Ferguson -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Voting Rights Act of 1965