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3 BCE
Aristotle
Lifelong education
Education should be a lifelong process, with people continuing to practice what they learned as adults.
Balanced development
Aristotle believed that the body, mind, and soul should be developed in balance through a variety of activities, including physical training, music, debate, and the study of science and philosophy.
Goal of education
Aristotle believed education is the freedom to apply oneself to essential matters, and that this freedom led to wisdom. -
Benjamin Franklin
His educational philosophy and moral teachings focused on self-improvement through individual initiative, virtuous living, and community service. Though largely self-taught, Franklin established institutions for the formal education of future generations. -
Josiah Holbrook
He was the initiator and organizer of the lyceum movement in the United States. He founded the Holbrook School Apparatus Manufacturing Company and made a variety of teacher aid items for common schools and scientific training aids for teachers to use in lyceums. He flourished in the New England states, and eventually going nationwide to 3,000 towns and cities. He was also an advocate of professional teacher training and broadening female education. -
American Library Association (ALA)
Founded on October 6, 1876 during the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, the mission of ALA is “to provide leadership for the development, promotion and improvement of library and information services and the profession of librarianship in order to enhance learning and ensure access to information for all.” -
Alexander Kapp
In 1833, he originally introduced the term andragogy. It is often interpreted as the process of engaging adult learners in the structure of the learning experience. Kapp used andragogy to describe elements of Plato's education theory. -
Jane Adams
A progressive social reformer and activist. In 1889, Addams founded Hull House. Under Addams direction, the Hull House team provided an array of vital services to thousands of people each week: they established a kindergarten and day-care for working mothers; provided job training; English language, cooking, and acculturation classes for immigrants; established a job-placement bureau, community center, gymnasium, and art gallery. -
Maria Montessori
An Italian physician and educator best known for her philosophy of education (the Montessori method). At an early age, Montessori enrolled in classes at an all-boys technical school, with hopes of becoming an engineer. She soon began medical school at the Sapienza University of Rome, becoming one of the first women to attend medical school in Italy. Her educational method is in use today in many public and private schools globally. -
Carnegie Foundation
The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching was established in 1905 and chartered in 1906 by an act of Congress as an independent policy and research center called to “do and perform all things necessary to encourage, uphold, and dignify the profession of the teacher and the cause of higher education.” Today the mission of the Foundation is to catalyze transformational change in education so that every student has the opportunity to live a healthy, dignified, and fulfilling life. -
The Smith-Hughes Act
The Smith-Hughes National Vocational Education Act of 1917 was a US law that established federal funding for vocational education in the United States. The act was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on February 23, 1917. The act established a cooperative relationship between the federal government and the states. The Smith-Hughes Act laid the foundation for significant developments in public vocational and technical education in the United States. -
John Dewey
One of American pragmatism’s early founders and arguably the most prominent American intellectual for the first half of the twentieth century. Dewey’s educational theories and experiments had global reach. Dewey developed extensive and often systematic views in ethics, epistemology, logic, metaphysics, aesthetics, and philosophy of religion. -
Eduard Lindeman
Being friend and colleague of John Dewey, he shared with him a concern for social justice, a belief in the possibilities of education and human action, and a deep commitment to democracy. His key assumptions: Adults are motivated to learn as they experience needs and interests that learning will satisfy. Adults’ orientation to learning is life-centered.
Experience is the richest source for adult’s learning. Adults have a deep need to be self-directing. -
GED Test
The General Educational Development (GED) test was created in 1942 by the United States Armed Forces Institute (USAFI) to help World War II veterans continue their education and careers. The American Council on Education (ACE) developed the test to measure high school-level academic skills. The GED is the most commonly accepted alternative to a high school diploma. -
Abraham Maslow
American psychologist and eugenecist who created Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization. He stressed the importance of focusing on the positive qualities in people, as opposed to treating them as a "bag of symptoms". -
Benjamin Bloom
An American educational psychologist who made contributions to the classification of educational objectives and to the theory of mastery learning. He is particularly noted for leading educational psychologists to develop the comprehensive system of describing and assessing educational outcomes in the mid-1950s. He has influenced the practices and philosophies of educators around the world from the latter part of the twentieth century. -
Sumerian Game - Mabel Addis
An American writer, teacher and the first video game writer. She designed The Sumerian Game, programmed by William McKay, for the IBM 7090 in 1964, which inspired other kingdom management games such as Hamurabi from the early 1970s. She is considered to have created the Strategy video game genre and text based game concept. She has been recognized as the world's first narrative video game writer as well as the first video game writer, and is the oldest known female video game designer. -
Robert Gagne'
Gagne's model of instructional design is based on the information processing model of the mental events that occur when adults are presented with various stimuli and focuses on the learning outcomes and how to arrange specific instructional events to achieve those outcomes. -
Malcolm Knowles
Malcolm Knowles was an American adult educator, famous for the adoption of the theory of andragogy—initially a term coined by the German teacher Alexander Kapp. Knowles is credited with being a fundamental influence in the development of the Humanist Learning Theory and the use of learner constructed contracts or plans to guide learning experiences.[ -
ADDIE Model
The ADDIE model is a systematic and iterative process that's used to create a wide range of training materials, including e-learning courses, manuals, study guides, videos, and assessments. The ADDIE model was developed by Florida State University in the 1970s. It's a well-known framework that's often mentioned in job descriptions for instructional designers. -
Lifelong Learning Act, Pell Act
The Promoting Employment and Lifelong Learning (PELL) Act does just that by expanding Pell Grant eligibility to high-quality, short-term programs that provide students and taxpayers a return on their investment. Helps students participate in short-term programs to move into a job quickly. Pell Grants, and their predecessor, Basic Education Opportunity Grants, have been awarded since 1973. -
SCANS Report 21st Century Skills
The SCANS report, or the Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills report, is a document that outlines the skills, competencies, and personal qualities that are needed to succeed in the workplace: The SCANS report was created in 1990 by the U.S. Secretary of Labor to determine the skills needed for the workforce. The report's goal was to help educators and employers understand what students and workers need to know and be able to do to succeed in the workplace -
Adult Education & Family Literacy Act
The Adult Education and Family Literacy Act (AEFLA) is a federal law that provides funding for adult education programs in the United States. AEFLA is administered by the Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education's (OCTAE) Division of Adult Education and Literacy (DAEL). The law was created in 1998 as part of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) and reauthorized in 2014 as part of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA). -
Workforce Investment Act (WIA)
The Workforce Investment Act (WIA) of 1998 is a federal law that aims to improve the quality of the workforce by providing job training, education, and employment services: The WIA's goal is to improve the workforce, sustain economic growth, and reduce welfare dependency. T he WIA offers a range of services and activities for job seekers, laid-off workers, veterans, people with disabilities, and employers. These include adult education, vocational education, job training, and literacy programs. -
edX created
edX was founded in May 2012 by the administrations of MIT and Harvard, based on the MITx initiative, created by Piotr Mitros, Rafael Reif, and Anant Agarwal in 2011 at MIT. Gerry Sussman, Anant Agarwal, Chris Terman, and Piotr Mitros taught the first edX course on circuits and electronics from MIT, drawing 155,000 students from 162 countries. -
Coursera Founded
An American global massive open online course provider. It was founded in 2012 by Stanford University computer science professors Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller. Coursera works with universities and other organizations to offer online courses, certifications, and degrees in a variety of subjects.