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Period: 250 to
Maya Civilization
Mayan Civilization never really collapsed, and their decedents still live till today. The period above is their classical period in which they reached their highest state of development and then suddenly collapsed. The mayans made many advance in writing, epigraphy, and the calender along with mathematics and astronomy. The mayan civiliztion is located mainly on the Yucatan peninsula. -
Period: 330 to Apr 11, 1453
Byzantine Empire
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Period: Apr 11, 624 to Apr 11, 651
Sasanid Empire
Was ruled by the Sasanian Dynasty, and succeeded the Parthian Empire, and was recognized by the Roman and then later Byzantine Empire as one of the main European and Western Asia powers. The empire at it's greatest extent emcompassed modern day Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, the Caucasus, southwestern central Asia, part of turkey,costal parts of the Arabian Peninsula, the persian Gulf area, southwestern Pakistan, and bit of India. Founded by Ardashir I,fell under the invasion of Arab Caliphate. -
Apr 11, 632
Split between Sunni and Shi'ite
Split of Islam into Sunnis and Shi'ites because of a disagreement on who the next leader will be, -
Period: Apr 11, 661 to Apr 11, 750
Umayyad Caliphate
Second of the 4 Arab caliphates made after Muhammad's death, with it's capital at Damascus, it was the 5th largest contiguous empire ever to exist, and the largest of its time.At the end of the dynasty the Umayyad Caliphate was overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate. -
Period: Apr 11, 711 to
Muslims conquer Spain
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Period: Apr 11, 750 to Apr 11, 1258
Abbasid Caliphate
Third of the Islamic caliphates, built their capital located in Baghdad and overthrew the Umayyad caliph. They prospered for around 2 centuries and then went into a slow decline intill its rule ended in 1258 when the Mongols sacked their capital. Power was restored to the Caliphate in Egypt in 1261 but most authority rested in religous matters. In 1519 all power was formally overturned to the Ottomans and capital to Constantinople. -
Apr 11, 1078
Mali
Another African power. Involved in Trans-Saharan trade. -
Apr 11, 1100
Ghana
Capital of Ghana established -
Period: Apr 11, 1100 to
Seljuk Turks
At its height stretched from Anatolia to Persia, official language was Persian laguage, and was the target of the first crusade. Regarded as great patrons to Persian culture, art, literature, and language. -
Period: Apr 11, 1138 to Apr 11, 1193
Saladin
A Muslim who became th Ayyubid Sultan of Syria and Egypt, and at his greatest extent of his power he ruled over Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hejaz and Yemen. Saladin led his men against the crusaders, but at the same time won the respect of many of the crusaders themselfs. Recaptured palestine, and died of a fever in 1193. Known and hailed as an example of chivalry in Europe and the world. -
Period: Apr 11, 1200 to Apr 11, 1500
Crusades
Holy wars declared by Pope Urban II against the Muslims in an effort to reclaim Palestine and Jerusalem. Resulted in increased cultural diffusion and the development of the High Middle Ages (demand for new goods increased with trade). First Crusade 1095–1099 Second Crusade 1147–1149 Third Crusade 1187–1192 Fourth Crusade 1202–1204 Albigensian Crusade 1209 Children's Crusade 1212 Fifth Crusade 1217–1221 Sixth Crusade 1228–1229 Seventh Crusade 1248–1254 Eighth Crusade 1270 Ninth Crusade 1271–1272 -
Period: Apr 11, 1200 to Apr 11, 1533
Inca Civilization
Becoming the largest Empire in pre- Columbian America, the Inca civilization was founded by Manco Capac who founded the Kingdom of Cuzco. Under his leadership he absorbs neighboring communities, and by 1442 it beame the largest empire in pre- Columbian America. The empire was split by a civil war which pitted two brothers against each other over the throne. In 1533 the spanish conquistadores took advantage of this and by 1573 ended all indigenous sovereignty on the Inca. -
Period: Apr 11, 1206 to Apr 11, 1324
Mongol Invasions
By the early 1300's the Mongol Empire covered much of Asia and Eastern Europe. Much was conquered by Genghis Khan intill his death in 1227 where the conquest countined by his successors and generals and split up the empire into vassal's, tribute states, and regions. there was a reaccurance of mongol conquest in the 1500's. -
Period: Apr 11, 1206 to Apr 11, 1227
Genghis Khan
Came to power after uniting tribes of north east asia. Founded the Mongol empire and began the Mongol invasions that conquested most of Eurasia and united china. His military was largely successful and he also made advances in the writing system of the Mongol empire, and promoted religous tolerance in his Empire. -
Period: Apr 11, 1206 to Apr 11, 1527
Delhi Sultante
The Delhi Sultanate is actually five shortlived kingdoms in India. made of the Mamluk Dynasty, Khilji Dynasty, Tughlaq Dynasty, Sayyid dynasty, Lodi dynasty, and finally absorbed into the Mughal Empire in 1526. -
Apr 11, 1215
Magna Carta
Originally issued in 1215, the charter first passd into law in 1225 and later revised and released as the Great Charter of the Liberties of England. The Charter originaly gave and made King John of England proclaim certain liberties to freeman of his country, such as punishment only by law of the land, aslo made th eking proclaim that his will was not arbitrary. Greatly inspired future douments such as constitutions. -
Period: Apr 11, 1250 to Apr 11, 1517
Mamluks
Mamluks are soldiers of slave orgin. They became a powerful military class in Muslim societies. In the Mamluk Sultanate the Mamluks took the Sultanate of Egypt and Syria and in their reign they repelled the Mongol invasion and ended the conflict with a peace treaty between the two, and fought the crusaders. -
Period: Apr 11, 1312 to Apr 11, 1337
Mansa Musa
King of Mali who made an extravagant journey to Mecca and built mosques everywhere. -
Period: Apr 11, 1337 to Apr 11, 1453
Hundred Years War
The Hundred years wars lasted 116 years but was actually a series of conflicts that historians named together the Hundred years war. The war is often divided into these phases, the Edwardian war (1337-1360), the Caroline War (1369-1389), the Lancastrian War (1415-1429), and the period of decline for the fortune of the Plantagenet fortunes after Joan of Arc (1412-1431) entered the other faction. The Battle of Castillon in 1453 marked the last battle of the 100 years war. -
Period: Apr 11, 1346 to
Songhai kingdoms
Another African power involved in Trans-Saharan trade. -
Period: Apr 11, 1368 to
Ming Empire
Came immediately after the Mongols and wanted to get rid of all signs of Mongol rule. Strict government, reestablishment of civil service exams, and the demand of tribute from surrounding states. -
Period: Apr 11, 1370 to Apr 11, 1405
Timur
Turkic conquerer of Western, South, and Central Asia and founder of the Timurid Empire. Sought to restor the Mongol Empire. -
Period: Apr 11, 1371 to Apr 11, 1435
Zheng He
Eunuch admiral who led seven exploratory voyages for the Ming Empire. Established tributaries in Southeast Asia, Ceylon, India, the Persian Gulf, Arabia, and the East African coast. Ming emperors abruptly pulled funding and destroyed his nautical charts and such. -
Period: Apr 11, 1400 to
Aztec Civilization
The Aztec civilization started with the founding of th etown Tenochtitlan in 1325, but the empire formally started with the Aztec Triple Alliance, which combined 3 city states that composed the Aztec Empire. They existed intill they were defeated by the Spanish Conquistadores led under Hernan Cortes in 1521. -
Period: Apr 11, 1400 to
Renaissance
"Rebirth" of Greco-Roman culture in the arts and intellectual pursuits. -
Apr 11, 1436
Gutenberg Press
The Guten press is often considered one of the most influential events in the 2nd millennium. It allowed for the spread of thought ideas and movements in a different and quicker fashion. It cheapen the cst of printing books, making it an item that helped increase literacy and helped usher in a period of modernity and mass communication and complete over turn of the stucture of society. -
Apr 11, 1453
Constantinople
Capital of Byzantine Empire. Changes to Istanbul when Turks take over. -
Period: Apr 11, 1462 to Apr 11, 1506
Ivan III
Known as the Grand Prince of Moscow, Ivan the Great, gatherer of the Russian lands, he was the longest riegning Russian ruler in history. He personally tripled the territory of the country, and ended the dominance from the Mongols Golden Horde over them, he also laid the foundation of the Russian state. -
Apr 8, 1492
Columbian Exchange
Started immediately after the first contact between the old and the new world, and was the exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations, germs, diseaes, ideas and innovations. This event is one of the most important events pertaining to agriculture, culture, and ecology, and affected almost every society on earth in some form or fashion. -
Period: Apr 8, 1492 to Apr 8, 1498
Creation of Colonies in the New World
Early European possessions in North America included Spanish Florida, Spanish New Mexico, the English colonies of Virginia and New England, the French colonies of Acadia and Canada, the Swedish colony of New Sweden, and the Dutch New Netherland. he first explorations and conquests were made by the Spanish and the Portuguese, immediately following their own final reconquest of Iberian lands in 1492. In the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas, ratified by the Pope, these two kingdoms divided. -
Period: Apr 8, 1500 to
Triangle Trade
Triangle trade was a trade model of the trade that took place from the late 16th century to the early 19th century. The circuit was most commonly slaves from africa were sent to the americas, from there sugar was sent to new England, and then Rum and other goods were sent back to africa for more slaves in the americas, and so on. Usually took a full calender year to complete a full three point circuit. -
Period: Apr 8, 1501 to
Safavid Empire
One the greatest persian empires since the Muslim conquest of Persia, and one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran. The Safavid dynasty of Iran also established Islam as the official religon of their empire, making this also a major event for the Muslim religon. After 1666, with the death of Abbas I, the decline of the empire continued in till it was destroyed in 1736. -
Period: Apr 8, 1517 to
Protestant Reformation
It was led by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Catholic Church, led to the creation of new national Protestant churches. The Catholics responded with a Counter-Reformation, led by the Jesuit order, which reclaimed large parts of Europe, such as Poland. In general, northern Europe, turned Protestant, and southern Europe remained Catholic -
Period: Apr 8, 1526 to
Mughal Empire
The Mughal dynasty was established by Muslims -
Period: Apr 8, 1526 to Apr 8, 1530
Babur
Babur founded the Mughal Empire -
Apr 8, 1543
Scientific Revolution
Laying the foundation of modern science, the scientific revolution was a period of new ideas in the sciences and the start of the rejection of doctrines that have been upheld since ancient greece. -
Period: Oct 6, 1552 to
Matteo Ricci
He helped translate many Western works on mathematics and the sciences into Chinese. His maps were eagerly perused by the Chinese, who gained from him their first notion of modern Europe. In return, Ricci sent back to Europe the first modern detailed report on China. He composed a number of treatises, the principal being a catechism, True Doctrine of God, which was widely printed in China. -
Foundation of Islam
Islam religion founded by Mohammed -
Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
1600-1868 During the Tokugawa period important economic and social changes occurred: improved farming methods and the growing of cash crops stimulated agricultural productivity; Osaka and Edo became centers of expanded interregional trade; urban life became more sophisticated; and literacy spread to almost half of the male population. Failure to deal with the crises caused by threats from the West and by domestic discontent, the last Tokugawa shogun resigned in 1867 -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
The Thirty Years War was initailly religious conflicts between the Catholics and Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire. Major impact was the destruction of major regions. Fought between 16 countried from that time. -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
Preceded by the Ming Dynasty and then followed by the Republic of China, the Qing Dynasty (also known as the Manchu Dynasty) was the last dynasty of China. Starting in 1644 it expanded to all its surrounding territories and complete take over of China was not done till around 1683 by the Kangxi Emperor. After an Imperial Edict in 1912, the child emperor Puyi was abdicated ending the Qing dynasty. -
Period: to
Peter the Great
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enlightement
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Period: to
Catherine the Great
During her reign, Catherine the Great expanded Russia's borders to the Black Sea and into central Europe. She promoted westernization and modernization though within the context of her autocratic control over Russia and increasing the control of landed gentry over serfs. Catherine the Great promoted education and the Enlightenment among the elite. She kept up a correspondence with many figures of the Enlightenment in Europe. -
Period: to
French-Indian War
War fought between Great Britain and France. The outcome was the the French ceded Frech Loisiana west of the Mississippi. Britian confimed dominant power of the eastern half of North America. -
Period: to
Louis XVI
1774-1791 ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then as King of the French from 1791 to 1792. Suspended and arrested as part of the insurrection of the 10th of August during the French Revolution, he was tried by the National Convention, found guilty of high treason, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793 as "Citoyen Louis Capet". He is the only king of France ever to be executed. -
Period: to
Marie Antoinette
Initially charmed by her personality and beauty, the French people generally came to dislike her, accusing "the Austrian" of being profligate and promiscuous,and of harboring sympathies for France's enemies, particularly Austria, since Marie Antoinette was, after all, Austrian. At the height of the French Revolution, Louis XVI was deposed and the monarchy abolished on August 10, 1792; the royal family was subsequently imprisoned at the Temple Prison. Nine months later she was executed too. -
Period: to
Napoleon
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Period: to
American Revolution
Adopting the policy that the colonies should pay an increased proportion of the costs associated with keeping them in the Empire, Britain imposed a series of direct taxes followed by other laws intended to demonstrate British authority, all of which proved extremely unpopular in America. -
Period: to
French Revolution
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Storming of the Bastille
The storming of Bastille is known as the point in which the rench revolution turned into a war. Occurred in the morning of July 14, it resulted in the capturing of Bastille and the beginning of the rebellion in France. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was ratified by the National Constituent Assembly of France on August 26, 1789. It is a very important document of the French Revolution and established fundamental rights for the French citizens, although it didn't ensure any rights of women or slaves. Was the first step for a constitution for france. -
Period: to
Haitian Revolution
1791-1804 period of conflict in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Haitian republic. Although hundreds of rebellions occurred in the New World during the centuries of slavery, only the St. Domingue Slave Revolt, which began in 1791, was successful in achieving permanent independence under a new nation. The Haitian Revolution is regarded as a defining moment in the history of Africans in the New World. -
Period: to
Congress of Vienna
The congress took place to settle out issues arising from the French revolutionary, Napolenic wars, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. -
Battle of Waterloo
The battle of waterloo was Napoleons last battle and marked the end of the French Empire and Napoleons rule and his return to exile. The battle was fought by the French Empires forces led by Napoleon versus the seventh coalition (U.K, Prussia, and other allied countries opposed to Napolean) with a fench loss. -
Establishment of Holy Romnan Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was established with Charlemagne as first ruler -
Period: to
Tang Empire
Li family seized power and founded the Tang empire, and at the time the most populous city in the world, compared to the earlier golden age of the Han empire in both military strength/campains, population and even surpassing. -
Period: to Apr 11, 1279
Song Empire
Came after the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and saw the first use of gunpowder, was the first government in history to issue banknotes on paper, and developed number of tecnological advances. -
Period: to Apr 11, 1349
Kievan Russia
Also known as Kievan Rus', it occupied lands streching south to the black sea, east to Volga, and west to the kingdom of Poland. During the Mongol invasion of 1347-1340, Kievan Russia ultimatlely disentegrated. -
Period: to
Sui Empire
Unified China by ending the division of rival regimes. Reunited the north and south of China and made alot of reforms such as the equal field system, and constructed the grand canal. In this period the great wall was extended and Buddhism was spread. -
Period: to
Charlemagne
Charlemange was King of the Franks from 768 and had his coronation by Pope Leo III for Emperor of the Romans on the 25th of December 800 CE. This made him a short time rival of the Byzantine Emperor, he expanded his Franksh Kingdom into an empire, and took in much of Wester/Eastern Europe. He aslo conquered Italy by the time of his coronation of Imperator Augustus. He is often viewed as the founding father fo both German and French monarcgies,he united most of western Europe as the romans did.
