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Period: Feb 20, 1479 to Jan 23, 1516
King Ferdinand and Isabella
incorporated a number of independent Spanish dominions into their kingdom. -
Period: Apr 22, 1509 to Jan 28, 1527
King Henry VIII
Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage annulled. -
Period: May 21, 1527 to
Philip II
self-proclaimed protector of the Roman Catholic Church. -
Period: Jan 26, 1547 to
Ivan the Terrible
Ivan the Terrible created a centrally controlled Russian state, imposed by military dominance -
Period: Jan 16, 1556 to
Philip II
self-proclaimed protector of the Roman Catholic Church. -
Period: Nov 17, 1558 to
Elizabeth I
established Protestantism in England; defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588; maintained peace inside her previously divided country; and created an environment where the arts flourished. -
Period: to
thirty years war
The Thirty Years' War was one of the first wars to be dominated by firearms, as most infantry was armed with flintlock muskets. Dragoons (soldiers who rode horses to battle and dismounted to fire their muskets) were also widely used. -
Period: to
English Civil War
The English Civil War was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists, mainly over the manner of England's governance and issues of religious freedom. It was part of the wider Wars of the Three Kingdoms. -
Period: to
Peter the Great
bringing Russia into the modern age. -
Period: to
The Glorious Revolution
Glorious Revolution, is the term used for the events leading to the deposition of James II and VII in November 1688, and replacement by his daughter Mary II and her husband and James' nephew William III of Orange, de facto ruler of the Dutch Republic. -
Period: to
War of the Spanish Succession
The war was caused by conflicting claims to the Spanish throne after the death of the childless King Charles II. -
Period: to
Seven Years War
The French and Indian War began in 1754 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The war provided Great Britain enormous territorial gains in North America, but disputes over subsequent frontier policy and paying the war's expenses led to colonial discontent, and ultimately to the American Revolution. -
Period: to
louis XVL
ruled over france -
meeting with the Estates-General
This assembly was composed of three estates – the clergy, nobility and commoners – who had the power to decide on the levying of new taxes and to undertake reforms in the country. The opening of the Estates General, on 5 May 1789 in Versailles, also marked the start of the French Revolution. -
Tennis Court Oath
On 20 June 1789, the members of the French Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath in the tennis court which had been built in 1686 for the use of the Versailles palace. The vote was "not to separate and to reassemble wherever necessary until the Constitution of the kingdom is established". -
Storming of the Bastille
The storming of the Bastille was a decisive moment in the early months of the French Revolution (1789-1799). On 14 July 1789, the Bastille, a fortress and political prison symbolizing the oppressiveness of France's Ancien Régime was attacked by a crowd mainly consisting of sans-culottes, or lower classes. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human civil rights document from the French Revolution. -
Women's March on Versaille
The march, which began in the marketplaces of Paris as a reaction to food scarcity and anti-revolutionary actions by the king's soldiers, stripped the king of much of his remaining independence and authority. -
Execution of King Louis XVI
Ultimately unwilling to cede his royal power to the Revolutionary government, Louis XVI was found guilty of treason and condemned to death. -
Period: to
reign of terror
The Reign of Terror, also called the Terror, was a period of state-sanctioned violence and mass executions during the French Revolution. Between Sept. 5, 1793, and July 27, 1794, France's revolutionary government ordered the arrest and execution of thousands of people. -
Maximillian Robespierre's execution
, Robespierre and a number of his followers were arrested at the Hôtel de Ville in Paris. The next day Robespierre and 21 of his followers were taken to the Place de la Révolution (now the Place de la Concorde), where they were executed by guillotine before a cheering crowd -
Maximillian Robespierre's execution
On July 27, 1794, Robespierre and a number of his followers were arrested at the Hôtel de Ville in Paris. The next day Robespierre and 21 of his followers were taken to the Place de la Révolution (now the Place de la Concorde), where they were executed by guillotine before a cheering crowd -
Napoleon Crowns himself emperor
On May 18, 1804, Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor, and made Josephine Empress. His coronation ceremony took place on December 2, 1804, in the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris, with incredible splendor and at considerable expense. -
Period: to
french invasion of russia
napolone and his men invade russia , but they failed because they could not survive the harsh weather and they also ran out of food. -
Napoleon is exiled to Elba
On April 11, 1814, Napoleon Bonaparte, emperor of France and one of the greatest military leaders in history, abdicates the throne, and, in the Treaty of Fontainebleau, is banished to the Mediterranean island of Elba. The future emperor was born in Ajaccio, Corsica, on August 15, 1769. -
napolin dead
May 5, 1821 -
Period: to
Nicholas II (Romanov)
the last tsar of Russia under Romanov rule.