-
Feb 7, 1572
St. Batholomew's Day Massacre
Violence erupted during a royal wedding, and 3,000 Huguenots were massacred (by Catholics). -
Henry IV
As a Protestant Henry IV would have faced severe problems ruling a Catholic land, so he decided to become a Catholic. -
Edict of Nantes
Henry IV issued this document in order to protect Protestants, protect the religion, and allow Protestants to fortify the land. -
Defenestration of Prague
Bohemian-Protestant nobles threw Catholics out of a window. -
Cardinal Richelieu Strengthens Monarchy
He wanted to destroy the power of the nobles and Huguenots. He defeated the private armies of the nobles and destroyed their fortified castles. -
Charles signs Petition of Right
This document prohibited Charles I from raising taxes. But Charlels I dissolves Parliament for 11 years. -
English Civil War
The English Civil War (1642-1649) challenged the rise of monarchs. The war was fought between Cavaliers (supporters of Charles I) and Parliament (Oliver Cromwell and the Roundheads). -
Louis XIV becomes King
He believed in divine right, "I am the state." Louis XIV was responsible only to God. He used the Sun as a symbol of power. -
Peace of Westphalia
Each ruler could choose between Lutheranism, Catholism, and Calvinism as the religion for their territory. -
Charles I Executed
Parliament put Charles I on trial and then condemned him to death. This was the first time a ruling monarch had been executed by his own people. -
Creation of The Commonwealth
After the execution of Charles I, Parliament abolished monarchy and declared England a republic, "The Commonwealth." -
Creation of Versailles
The palace of Versailles went on the symbolize Louis XIV's great power and wealth. -
The Glorious Revolution
This refers to a bloodless overthrow of a King. James II fled to France in 1688. -
War of Spanish Succession
Different forces combined to attack France, and an exhausted France was forced to sign the Treaty of Utrecht. -
Creation of St. Petersburg
After capturing Swedish territory along the Baltic, St. Petersburg was created by laborers in horrible conditions. Peter made it the new capital of Russia. -
Revocation of Edict of Nantes
He revoked the Edict of Nantes, 100,000 Huguenots fled France talking economic production with them.