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Period: Feb 20, 1479 to Jan 23, 1516
King Ferdinand and Isabella
Catholic Monarchs of Spain -
Period: Apr 22, 1509 to Jan 28, 1547
King Henry VIII
King of England -
Period: Jan 16, 1547 to
Ivan the Terrible
Prince of Moscow -
Period: Jan 16, 1556 to
Philip II
King of Spain -
Period: Oct 17, 1558 to
Elizabeth I
Queen of England -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
This war was a series of wars fought by European nations for various reasons, ignited in 1618 over an attempt by the king of Bohemia (the future Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand II) to impose Catholicism throughout his domains. Protestant nobles rebelled, and by the 1630s most of continental Europe was at war. -
Period: to
English Civil War
This was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists, mainly over the manner of England's governance and issues of religious freedom. It was part of the wider Wars of the Three Kingdoms. -
Period: to
Louis XIV
King of France -
Period: to
Peter the Great
Monarch of Russia -
Period: to
The Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution is the term used for the deposition of James II and VII in November 1688 and his replacement by his daughter Mary II and her husband William III of Orange, stadtholder of the Dutch Republic. -
Period: to
War of the Spanish Succession
It was 'the first world war of modern times' with major campaigns fought in Spain, Italy, Germany, Italy as well as at sea. It was triggered by the death in 1700 of the childless Habsburg King Charles II of Spain. -
Period: to
Seven Years War
The French and Indian War began in 1754 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The war provided Great Britain enormous territorial gains in North America, but disputes over subsequent frontier policy and paying the war's expenses led to colonial discontent, and ultimately to the American Revolution. -
Period: to
Louis XVI
Ruled over France. -
May 5, 1789 meeting with the Estates-General
The opening of the Estates General, on 5 May 1789 in Versailles, also marked the start of the French Revolution. On 4 May 1789 the last grand ceremony of the Ancien Régime was held in Versailles: the procession of the Estates General. From all over France, 1,200 deputies had arrived for the event. -
Tennis Court Oath
Tennis Court Oath, French Serment du Jeu de Paume, (June 20, 1789), dramatic act of defiance by representatives of the non privileged classes of the French nation (the Third Estate) during the meeting of the Estates-General (traditional assembly) at the beginning of the French Revolution. -
Storming of the Bastille
The Storming of the Bastille was a decisive moment in the early months of the French Revolution (1789-1799). On 14 July 1789, the Bastille, a fortress and political prison symbolizing the oppressiveness of France's Ancien Régime was attacked by a crowd mainly consisting of sans-culottes, or lower classes. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human civil rights document from the French Revolution. The basic principle of the Declaration was that all “men are born and remain free and equal in rights," which were specified as the rights of liberty, private property, the inviolability of the person, and resistance to oppression. -
Women's March on Versailles
The Women's March on Versailles, also known as the October March, the October Days or simply the March on Versailles, was one of the earliest and most significant events of the French Revolution. -
Execution of King Louis XVI
The execution of Louis XVI by guillotine, a major event of the French Revolution, took place publicly on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution in Paris.Ultimately unwilling to cede his royal power to the Revolutionary government, Louis XVI was found guilty of treason and condemned to death. -
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Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror was a period of the French Revolution when, following the creation of the First Republic, a series of massacres and numerous public executions took place in response to revolutionary fervour, anticlerical sentiment, and accusations of treason by the Committee of Public Safety. -
Maximillien Robespierre's execution
Robespierre and a number of his followers were arrested at the Hôtel de Ville in Paris. The next day Robespierre and 21 of his followers were taken to the Place de la Révolution (now the Place de la Concorde), where they were executed by guillotine before a cheering crowd. -
Napoleon Crowns himself emperor
By crowning himself, Napoleon symbolically showed that he would not be controlled by Rome or submit to any power other than himself. This was very important, both as a show of strength to reassure his allies and to quell any potential uprisings or anarchy by proclaiming himself the highest authority in France. -
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Peninsular War
The Peninsular War was the military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. In Spain, it is considered to overlap with the Spanish War of Independence. -
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French invasion of Russia
France led by Napoleon, invades Russia intending to annex the country. The invasion is a failure, when Napoleon and his troops run out of food, and begin to lose troops due to the cold, harsh conditions. -
Napoleon is exiled to Elba
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Napoleon dies
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Period: to
Nicholas II
Emperor of Russia