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Royal Proclamation
The Royal Proclamation saw the First Nations separated from the British and prohibited from settling west of a proclamation line. These were the early signs of reserves that First Nations were forced to live on. -
Reserve System
First Nations were forced to live on reserves with no knowledge of how to farm. -
Indian Act
The Indian Act was designed to assimilate First Nations people. It regulated the lives of First Nations and forced them onto reserves. They also were forced to attend residential schools. -
Aboriginal Right to Universal Suffrage
By 1960 the Aboriginal right to vote was granted in Saskatchewan, which meant that aboriginals across Canada were now permitted to vote in federal elections. -
National Indian Brotherhood and Native Council of Canada formed
The National Indian Brotherhood and Native Council of Canada was formed in 1968 with the goal of representing the indigenous peoples of Canada. -
White Paper
The White Paper was a document administered by the Trudeau government which stated that aboriginal people would gain control of their land and that their special status for aboriginals. Aboriginals felt that this was an attack on their unique societies, and the National Indian Brotherhood responded when they presented what came to be known as the Red Paper, which demanded aboriginal self government. In the end, the White Paper was abandoned. -
Residential School Abolishment
Residential schools were abolished, but not all the schools got closed. The last operating residential school was closed in 1996. -
Movement Towards self Government
Aboriginal Peoples were looking to self govern themselves. These were the early signs of the assembly of First Nations. -
Assembly of the First Nations
In 1982, the Assembly of First Nations was formed to present the Aboriginal peoples in Canada. Its purpose is to help the First Nations deal with the federal government. It pressured the political leaders to recognize the rights of the Aboriginal people. Their goal is Aboriginal Self-Government. -
Passing of Bill C-31
Bill C-31 is a bill passed by the Parliament in 1985 that gave Aboriginal band councils the power to decide who had the right to live on the reserves. -
Oka Stand Off
The town council of Oka decided to expand a golf course into a long-disputed area that was considered sacred for the Mohawks. The Mohawks decided to stop the construction by blockading the area. This lead to the confrontation between the First Nations and the provincial police, and one officer was shot dead. Eventually, the land was purchased by the federal government. -
Meech Lake
Elijah Harper, a Cree member of the Manitoba legislature, opposed the Meech Lake Accord because it did not recognize Canada's Aboriginal nations as a distinct society. -
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Nisga'a Treaty
The Nisga'a Treaty is a negotiated agreement between the Nisga'a Nation, the Government of British Columbia (B.C.) and the Government of Canada. This treaty addresses many comprehensive land dispute and granted the Nisga'a Tribal Council 35 rights to self-government. -
Ipperwash Ontario
Ipperwash crisis was a dispute over an indigenous land in Ipperwash Provincial Park Ontario. Several members of the first nation Ojibway band occupied the park to assert their right to the land that was expropriated during WW2. This lead to a violent confrontation between the provincial police and the members of the first nation band, and one of the members was shot dead. -
Gustafsen Lake
The Gustafsen Lake standoff was a confrontation between the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and the Ts'peten Defenders in the interior of British Columbia, Canada, at Gustafsen Lake (known as Ts'peten in the Shuswap language) -
Delgamuukw Case
The supreme court ruled that Aboriginal groups could claim ownership to the land they can prove that they have occupied the land before the Canadian government claimed sovereignty. -
Statement of Reconciliation
The statement of Reconciliation was addressed by politician Jane Stewart to recognize the wrongdoing on the First Nations by the Canadian Government and their rights were not well recognized. The statement aimed to repair the damage done between the Natives-Government relationship. -
Creation of Nunavut
The creation of Nunavut was the result of the largest treaty ever negotiated in Canada; it also gave the Inuit in the area political control over this province.
