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1763 Royal Proclamation
Issued by King George III. To establish government administration in North America and prevented any further settlements. Constitution framework for negotiations of treaties with Aboriginals. -
1830 Reserve System
The Reserve System was established through the Indian Act. This said First Nations were wards of the government which embodied a parernalistic attitude towards Aboriginals. Special passes were needed to pass in and out of reserves. -
1876 Indian Act
This act was put in place May 10th and was created so the lives of First Nations could be regulated. The Indian Act was created from the gradual civilization Act and the Gradual Enfranchisement Act and gave the Canadian government power over difining First Nations identity, governance, cultural practices and education. The goal of the Act was to assimilation First Nations peoples into non-Aboriginal society. -
1960 Aboriginal Right to Universal Suffrage
Passed at the time when Canadian bill of rights was passed. The Bill of rights was strong evidence that Aboriginals should get the right to vote. For an Aboriginal person to get the same rights as a Canadian citizen they would have to give up their Indian status and right to live on a reserve. -
1968 National Indian Brotherhood & Native Council of Canada Formed
Formed in 1961 but later collapsed in 1968. Metis and non-status formed the Native Council of Canada. Status Aboriginals formed Nation Indians Brotherhood. Both of these groups have the same goals. -
1969 White Paper
Trudeau the Priminister at the time proposed the White Paper along with the Minister of Indian Affairs. This was going to abolish the Indian Act. The idea was to get rid of the reservations and everything First Nations were entitled to through the Indian Act. Aboriginals saw this as an act of assimilation instead of equality. They responded with the Red Paper. "In response, Trudeau withdrew the White Paper in 1970 and angrily stated: “We’ll keep them in the ghetto as long as they want”'. (CE) -
1969 Residential School System Abolished but not all closed
The department of Indian Affairs took over the Residential Schools system in 1969 as a reaction to strong resistance from Indigenous children and adults, who protested the harsh conditions and educational short-comings of the schools. Church involvement in res school's therefore ended, though many schools themselves remind open. The last, Gordon res school in Saskatchewan closed in 1996. -
1980s Movement toward Self Government
Aboriginals want to be able to self-govern themselves. When it comes to decisions about matters such as their culture, traditions and languages they feel that the federal government does not always have their it in their best interests. Among the Aboriginal rights self-government, controling their land, beliefs and culture are all included. For Aboriginals to claim sovereignty over their land the requirements they needed to meet were to prove they occupied the territory before the declaration. -
Statement of Reconciliation issued in 1998
Canada made a Statement of Reconciliation to residential school survivors in 1998 and created the Aboriginal Healing Foundation. In 2003, the Government of Canada launched a Dispute Resolution plan to compensate survivors that fell far short of the expectations of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada. -
Assembly of the First Nations
In 1982, the Assembly of First Nations was created as a result of movements to restore the chief's as the voice of First Nations in Canada. First Nations continued to push for their rights through self-government. This Assembly was declared to be the one and only voice of Canada's First Nations. David Ahenakew was elected the first national chief of the Assembly. The AFN maintained the National Indian Brotherhood as the permanent administrative office. -
1985 Passing of Bill C-31
Bill C-31 gave Aboriginal councils more power when deciding who was able to live on the reserves. Before the Bill gave them this right previous decisions were made by the Department of Indian Affairs. This meant Aboriginal bands had more control over their affairs. They now had control over memberships and the communities life. -
Meech Lake
The Meech lake accord helped immigrants prosper, but it also caused aboriginal people to have their rights and traditions lost because of the coming of time -
Oka Stand Off
From July 11 - September 26, 1990, there was a 78 - day standoff between the Mohawks and town of Oka over a land dispute.This violent conflict between First Nations and the Canadian government was one of the first disputes publicised. Quebec Corporal Marcel Lemay was killed by a bullet and rumours said that the cause had been determined and that it was a police bullet. Lemay had been conducting an investigation that was connecting the death of two Mohawk men with SQ guns. -
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Nisga’a Treaty 1992-1998
The Nisga'a's were offered a settlement to only a small chunk of their land. Then the government offers them $196 million for their loss. The Nisga'a's agree to pay taxes losing their rights to tax exempts. The Canadian Supreme Court defines the Aboriginal title and the Aboriginals can claim back their land if they have proof it was theirs before the Canadian government, which they don't. -
Gustafasen Lake BC
The Gustafsen Lake standoff was a confrontation between the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and the Ts'peten Defenders in the interior of British Columbia, Canada, at Gustafsen Lake. The standoff began on August 18, 1995, and ended on September 17, 1995. -
1998 Delgamuluukw Case
The 1998 Delgamuukw decision of the Supreme Court of Canada has been an important moment in determining the nature of Aboriginal rights and title in Canada. This paper critically reviews this decision, drawing on legal scholarship to put into context how Aboriginal rights and title have been argued. This paper also reviews the continuing importance of social science research in general and anthropology in particular for contributing to Aboriginal rights and title debates. -
1999 Creation of Nunavut
Nunavut separated from the Northwest Territories to become the newest Canadian territory. The creation of Nunavut was the outcome of the largest aboriginal land claims agreement between the Canadian government and the native Inuit people. -
Ipperwash Ontario
During the late 1980s, the Stoney Point First Nation began to pressure the federal and provincial governments to change ownership of the entire property as per the 1941 expropriation agreement. The land at Ipperwash Provincial Park was claimed by the Stoney Point First Nation and was to contain a burial ground.
