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Brown vs. Board of Education
This was the Supreme Court case that ultimately ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. Brown vs. Board of Education was a landmark decision that determined that "separate but equal" was not equal at all.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka -
Public Law 88-164
The law allocated funds for teaching professionals to work with children with special needs and for research and demonstration for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. This law provided grants to build mental health centers, in order to improve mental health.
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-77/pdf/STATUTE-77-Pg282.pdf -
Handicapped Children's Early Education Assistance Act
Provided funds for experimental preschool and other early education programs for children and their families. This was the first act that focused on the education of all students with disabilities. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED029406.pdf -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (PL 93-112)
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 made it illegal to deny participation in all activities or programs due to a person's disability. Protects children and adults with disabilities from unequal treatment and exclusion. https://dredf.org/legal-advocacy/laws/section-504-of-the-rehabilitation-act-of-1973/ -
Public Law 94-142
This law was the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, which guaranteed that children with special needs had access to free appropriate public education. This includes special education services created to attend to the child's individual needs. In addition, it insured that the rights of children with disabilities are protected. https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/idea35/history/index_pg10.html -
Public Law 99-457
Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments provided free appropriate public education to children of all ages, starting from birth on in order to meet unique needs of children with special needs. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-100/pdf/STATUTE-100-Pg1145.pdf#page=24 -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Americans with Disabilities Act extended Civil Rights to people with disabilities, without regards to color, national origin, gender, race, or religion. This ensures that people with disabilities experience the same opportunities as everyone else.
https://www.ada.gov/ada_intro.htm -
Barnett vs. Fairfax County Board of Education
Children with a hearing disability was able to attend a school farther away from home, in order to meet the individual's needs.
https://openjurist.org/927/f2d/146/barnett-barnett-v-fairfax-county-school-board-w-barnett-e-a-barnett-e-a -
PL 107-110: No Child Left Behind
This law was created to require schools and educators to bring students to a minimum level of academic competency in reading and math testing. The intention of this law was to lessen academic achievement gaps, and provide all children with a fair opportunity to receive an effective education.
https://www.k12.wa.us/policy-funding/policies/elementary-and-secondary-education-act-esea/no-child-left-behind-act-2001 -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
Created to strengthen the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, to provide a free appropriate public education to children with disabilities. In addition, this act sought to give parents and families a voice in the education of their child or children. https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/your-childs-rights/basics-about-childs-rights/individuals-with-disabilities-education-act-idea-what-you-need-to-know -
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
This act was designed to strengthen our economy, create significantly more jobs, as well as strengthen educational programs and opportunities, such as early intervention services for children. https://www.ntia.doc.gov/page/2011/american-recovery-and-reinvestment-act-2009 -
Every Student Succeeds Act
The Every Student Succeeds Act aims to provide equal opportunity so that all students and schools are capable of success. The ESSA was signed by President Obama in 2015, and marked an effort to strengthen education. https://www.ed.gov/essa?src=rn -