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Period: to
Cardinal Richelieu
Turned the tide in 30 Years War. Did much to centralize power in France, strengthening the monarchy. -
Period: to
Oliver Cromwell
Won the English Civil War, beheaded Charles I, Lord Protector of Commonwealth of England. -
Dutch East India Company founded
Its success contributed to the Dutch Golden Age. -
Jamestown, Virginia founded
Becomes the first permanent English colony in North America -
Galileo sentenced before Inquisition
Highlights the division between science and religion -
Period: to
James II of England
Last of the absolute monarchs and Catholic monarchs in England. -
Cardinal Richelieu declares war on Spain
Counters Ferdinand II's expansion. French give help ensure victory for the Protestants. -
Period: to
Sir Isaac Newton
Law of universal gravitation and three laws of motion. Key player in Scientific Revolution. -
Peace of Westphalia ends Thirty and Eighty Years War
marks the ends of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire as major European powers. -
Charles I Beheaded by Cromwell
First time that a sitting monarch was beheaded. End of English Civil War. -
Period: to
William III of England
Led Glorious Revolution. English Bill of Rights under William and Mary. -
Restoration of monarchy in England
Charles II is crowned. End of commonwealth and protectorate. -
Peter the Great coronated
Peter would be the major reason behind the push to modernize and "Europianize" Russia -
Newton's "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" first published
States Newton's laws of motion and universal gravitation. -
William and Mary made joint monarchs of England
Glorious Revolution in England ends peacefully