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Oct 31, 1517
1517- Luther starts the Reformation
The Protestant Reformation began on October 31st, 1517, when a German monk named Martin Luther nailed ninety-five theses to the church door in Wittenberg, Germany. -
May 24, 1543
Copernicus's book
Polish Renaissance astronomer, the architect of the heliocentric planetary theory. Copernicus dedicated his remarkable work, De revolutionibus orbium caelestium (1543), to Paul III. A second edition was printed in 1563. The Roman church banned Copernicus' book eventually in 1616. -
Dec 13, 1545
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent, the 19th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic church, was held at Trent in northern Italy between 1545 and 1563. It marked a major turning point in the efforts of the Catholic church to respond to the challenge of the Protestant Reformation and formed a key part of the Counter-Reformation. The need for such a council had long been perceived by certain church leaders, but initial attempts to organize it were opposed by Francis I of France, who feared it would strengthen -
Descartes
He was a French philosopher whose work, La géométrie, includes his application of algebra to geometry from which we now have Cartesian geometry.Descartes published his major philosophical work, "A Discourse on Method, Meditations on First Philosophy" in 1641.In Descartes' view, the universe was created by God on whose power everything depends -
Galileo's discoveries with the telescope
Galileo was an Italian physicist and astronomer credited with building the first effective telescope. He used this to prove that the earth moves round the sun. This confirmed the theory originally put forward by the Polish astronomer Nicholas Copernicus. But it went directly against the teachings of the Church i.e; the earth was the centre of the Universe and the Sun revolved round the Earth. It was this conflict with the teachings of the Church that was to eventually bring Galileo to the atte -
Thirty Years War
One of the most devastating wars in European history. The Thirty Years War began as a conflict between German Protestants and German Catholics, that slowly expanded to include most of the rest of Europe, with first the Protestant powers joining in to protect their co-religionists in Germany, and then Catholic France supporting the protestant cause as part of the long running Bourbon-Hapsburg rivalry (and before that the Valois-Hapsburg rivalry). The war caused massive destruction in Germany, and -
The Trial of Galileo
In the 1633 trial of Galileo Galilei, two worlds come into cosmic conflict. Galileo's world of science and humanism collides with the world of Scholasticism and absolutism that held power in the Catholic Church. The result is a tragedy that marks both the end of Galileo's liberty and the end of the Italian Renaissance. -
Sir Isaac Newton develops the laws of mechanics
explains object motion in a mathematical fashion. -
Wilhelm Röntgen discovers x rays.
During subsequent experiments he found that objects of different thicknesses interposed in the path of the rays showed variable transparency to them when recorded on a photographic plate. -
Columbus discovers New World.
Columbus set sail in search of the East Indies on three ships, the Niña, Pinta, and the flagship, Santa Maria. Columbus never did "discover" North America, and the regions he did explore were already inhabited.Yet his first voyage did proved that the earth was round.