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Deficit Spending and Economic Reform
moneyWho-France
What-France had economic struggles
Where-in the government of France
Why-France dealt with economic struggles, because of years of deficit spending, which was caused when the government spent more money than they took in
How-To balance between their income and expenses, the government continuously borrowed money. -
Louis XVI Calls the Estates-General #2
How(Continued)...The delegates took the Tennis Court Oath. Consisting of this oath, they swore, "never to seperate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until we have established a sound and just constitution." -
Louis XVI Calls the Estates-General #1
Who- Louis XVI; Estates-General
What-Louis XVI summons the Estates-General to meet at Versailles
Where-Versailles;France
Why-Louis XVI wanted to meet with the Estates-General, because France was on the break of bankruptcy, bread riots were growing, and nobles who were afraid of taxes, were denouncing royal tyranny.
How-For preparation, Louis had all three estates prepare cahiers, which are notebooks, listing their grievances; Third Assembly later declares themselves as the National Assembly. -
Storming the Bastille
Who-More than 800 Parisians
What-The Parisians assembled and protested outside of the Bastille, a grim midieval fortress used as a prison for political and other prisoners
Where-outside of the Bastile, in Versailles
Why-The Parisians wanted weapons and gunpowder they believed to be stored in the Bastille
How-Finally, they broke through the defenses, killing the commander and guards, then released the prisoners. However, they found no weapons. -
Church
Who-the National Assembly and the French Catholic Church
What-The National Assembly puts the French Catholic Church under state comtrol.
Where-France
Why-There was huge government debt.
How-To pay off the huge government debt, the Assembly voted to take over and sell Church lands. -
Constitution
Who-National Assembly
What-Constitution of 1791 is established. The Constitution of 1791 set up a liimited monarchy in place of the absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries.
Where-France
Why-A huge golf opened between revolutionaries in Paris and the peasantry in the provinces, after the government punished the clergy, because they did not support the Civil Constitution.
How-The National Assembly completed its main task by producing the constitution. -
Threats From Abroad
Who-king of Prussia and the emperor of Austria
What-The king of Prussia and the emperor of Austria issued the Declaration of Pilnitz. The two monarchs threatened to intervene to protect the French monarchy.
Where-France
Why-The failed escape of Louis XVI brought more hostile rumblings from abroad.
How-Revolutionaries in France took the threat seriously and prepare for war. -
The National Assembly
Who-noble in the National Assembly
What-Nobles of the Nationaly Assembly voted to end their own priveleges in an all-night meeting on August 4, 1791.
Where-France
Why-Peasant uprisings and the storming of the Bastille caused the National Assembly.
How-The Assembly issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. -
Rights of Man
Who-The Assembly and male citizens of France.
What-The Assembly issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man, as a first step toward writing a constitution.
Where-France
Why-The French declaration announced that all men, were "born and remain free and equal in rights". The constitution also insisted that governments exist to protect the natural right of citizens.
How-The Assembly created the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
How- -
Radicals Decalare War
Who-Legislative Assembly
What-Newly elected Legislative Assembly took office. They survived for less than a year.
Where-Paris
Why-Economic problems fed renewed turmoil.
How-By 1791, many sans-cullotes, which are working-class men and women, demanded a republic government ruled by elected representatives instead of monarch. -
Women's March
Who-the women of Versailles
What-About six thousand women march 13 miles in the pouring rain.
Where-The women march from Paris to Versailles.
Why-Many women were mad very angry, because the Declaration of the Rights of Man did not grant equal citizenship to them too.
How-The women shouted, "Bread!" and demanded to see the king as they marched. -
Monarchy is Abolished
Who-Prussian forces; the Convention
What-In September 1792, the Convention met and voted to abolish the monarchy and establish the French Republic.
Where-Paris
Why-Citizens attacked prisons that held nobles and priests accused of political offenses. About 1,200 prisoners were killed.
How-The Convention met in September 1792, and voted to abolish the monarchy. They seized lands of nobles and abolished titles of nobility. -
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Robespierre and the Reign of Terror
Who-Maximilien Robespierre
What-Robespierre was one of the chief architects of the Reign of Terror. This was a time period during the French Revolution when people in France were arrested and/or executed for not supporting the revolution.
Where-France
Why-Robespierre wanted citizens executed, because they did not support the revolution.
How-The citizens were executed by getting beheaded by the guillotine. On July 27, 1794, Robespierre was arrested, and executed the next day. -
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Third Stage of the Revolution
Who-moderates; Napolean Bonaparte
What-The revolution entered a third stage.
Where-Italy
Why-The revolution enters a third stage, due to the reaction of the Terror. They produced this third constitution, as they were moving away form the excesses of the Convention.
How-Constitution of 1795, set up a five-man Directory and a two-house legislature elected by male citizens of property. Politicians turned to Napolean Bonaparte, and he eventually became ruler of France. -
Spread of Nationalism
Who-the French people
What-French people had a strong sense of national identity.
Where-France
Why-Revolution and war gave the French people a strong sense of national identity, and Nationalism.
How-French people attended Civic festivals that celebrated the nation and the revolution. By 1793, France was a nation in arms.
