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Jun 15, 1215
The Magna Carta
The Magna Carta was one of the first recorded instances of the citizens of England challenging the monarchy. The document outlined their inalienable rights, as well as outlawed imprisonment without just cause (habeas corpus). The Magna Carta was passed by English barons, who forced King John to sign in agreement. This event brought into existence the contesting of monarchial power. -
Jun 15, 1215
The Establishment of Parliament
The establishment of English Parliament was originally intended as a way of providing counseling and guidance to the monarchy. Parliament was composed of two houses, joined: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Later, however, Parliamentary members used their influence to challenge authority. Parliament was also created as a means of providing citizen representation in the monarchy, as to avoid a people's uprising. This event ultimately led to the rise of power against the throne. -
The Petition of Right
The Petition of Right was a document that was presented to King Charles I by Parliament, addressing grievances they had with his rule. This document also restricted Charles I's ability to pass legislation without Parliament approval, quarter troops in citizens' homes, and collect tax. Additionally, it made illegal imprisonment on false charges (habeas corpus). This event led to Parliament's increased limitations on monarchial power, and eventually, an entirely limited monarchy. -
The English Civil War
The English Civil War broke out during King Charles I's rule after conflicts arose between the monarch and Parliament. Because Charles I refused to acknowledge the restrictions Parliament held over his authority, they refused to fund his war in Scotland. Fighting between supporters of the crown and supporters of Parliament lasted for three years, before a victory was gained by Parliament. This event placed Oliver Cromwell in power and secured additional Parliamentary powers over England's rule. -
The Execution of King Charles I
The execution of King Charles I occurred following the conclusion of the English Civil War. Charles I was killed because he disregarded the authority of Parliament and the rights of his people. Following his death, Oliver Cromwell rose to power, allowing Parliament to achieve more power within English politics and support from the people. This event led to the rise of Parliamentary rulers, and of discontent with political absolutism. -
The Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution was an event marked by the overthrowing of King James II from the throne of England, by the members and supporters of Parliament. It was motivated by the nation's discontent with James II's rule of absolutism. Following his removal, monarchs William and Mary were given the throne, given the conditions that they would share their authority with Parliament, who had placed them there. This event led to the definitive creation of England's limited monarchy. -
The English Bill of Rights
The English Bill of Rights was passed by monarchs William and Mary at the encouragement of Parliament. This document gave citizens of England inalienable rights, such as the freedoms of speech and to petition. It also limited the authority of the monarchs to pass legislation concerning taxation or the military without Parliament approval. The English Bill of Rights, additionally, outlined the rules of succession to the throne. This event resulted in the creation of a limited monarchy.
