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Aretaeus of Cappadocia
Aretaeus of Cappadocia describes an unnamed disease. In his writings, he refers to his patients as "koiliakos" or "suffering in the bowels." -
Dr. Mathew Baillie
Dr. Mathew Baillie publishes observations in the early 19th century on a chronic diarrheal disorder of adults that causes malnutrition and characterized by a gas-distended abdomen. He suggests dietetic treatment, noting patients have improved on eating only rice. The observations go practically unnoticed. -
Francis Adams & "celiacs"
Francis Adams translates writings for the Sydenham Society of England in 1856. He terms "celiacs." -
Dr. Samuel Gee
Dr. Samuel Gee, United Kingdom, of the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children presents clinical accounts of children and adults with Celiac Disease. He is credited as the first to link diet regulation to celiac treatment. -
Sidney Haas
Sidney Haas publishes ten cases with eight children treated (“clinically cured”) with the banana diet, while the two untreated died. The paper is an enormous success and the banana diet has wide popularity. The diet excludes bread, crackers, potatoes and cereals. Some say success was based on the elimination of gluten-containing grains. -
Dr. Willem Karel Dicke
Dr. Willem Karel Dicke, a Dutch pediatrician, writes his doctoral thesis on celiac for the University of Utrecht. -
Dicke & wheat proteins
Dicke recognizes that the disease is caused by ingesting wheat proteins. -
Damage to intenstial mucosa.
Dicke, Charlotte Anderson and colleagues in Birmingham, England confirm treatment and describe the histologic damage to the intestinal mucosa. -
Margot Shiner
Margot Shiner develops a small intestinal biopsy as a practical diagnostic procedure. This enables understanding of the pathology, diagnosis and treatment of small intestinal disorders, such as celiac disease. -
Interlaken Criteria
Criteria for diagnosis is formalized by the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology. The “Interlaken criteria” steps are a complete clinical remission on a gluten-free diet, documentation of the normalization of the lesion, and its recurrence once gluten was reintroduced into the diet -
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Disease presentation changes
It becomes increasingly clear celiac disease can be associated with other conditions, autoimmune disorders (type 1 diabetes) and syndromes (Down). Celiac disease changes presentation, becoming less an intestinal disorder, and more a variety of extra-intestinal symptoms and signs. -
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Biopsy diagnosis proved
A study demonstrates that reliance on strict clinical and laboratoristic criteria can produce a correct diagnosis in 95% of cases by limiting to the one initial biopsy. -
New diagnosis guidelines
New (and current) diagnostic guidelines are published by ESPGHAN to include biopsy results. -
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Celiac disease defined
Celiac disease is increasingly accepted as an autoimmune disease, associated with a specific gene (either DQ2 or DQ8). The missing autoantigen is identified in the enzyme “tissue transglutaminase.” Celiac disease universally known as an autoimmune condition whose trigger (gluten) and autoantigen (tissue transglutaminase) are known.
