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Benito Mussolini and facism
-Italian leader who established a totalitarian regime in Italy
-A totalitariun government is one that has complete control over the citizens
- He had begun to advertise his rights for power for war veterans to fight for politicain in 1919. -
Period: to
World War II
This timeline consists of all the key events of World War II. -
Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party
-Extreme Nationalism and Racism
-Militeristic Expansion
-Forceful leader
-Private properties with strong government control -
Joseph Stalin and Communism
-Joseph Stalin took control of the Soviet Union in 1924
-He was iron-willed and began an agricultural and industrial restructuring that trampled the rights of the people.
-Also wanted to establish a totarian government for Russia -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
-Also called the Pact of Paris
-Multi-National treaty that prohibited the use of war
-concluded outside the League of Nations, and remains a binding treaty under international law
-Still is in effect in the U.S. -
Franklin Roosevelt
-Won presidental election in 1932
-Opened many deals to help the US get out of the Great Depression
-Served more than one term in presidency
-First New Deal opened many jobs for the people, and was opened by FDR -
Holocaust (anti-Semitism)
-Genocide of 6 million Jews during WWII
-More than just Jews were killed. Many Gypsies and homosexuals suffered as well
-Systematic of the murder of millions of minority poeple
-11 to 17 million Holocaust victims -
Neutrality Acts
-Imposed a general embargo on trading in arms and war materials with all parties of war
-It also declared that American citizens traveling on ships, travel at their own risk
-Was to expire after 6 months, but got renewed -
Troop build up in Ethiopia
-Ethiopia had been occupied by Italy in 1936
-Caused problems for the League of Nations
-WWII Ethiopian forces combined with British troops to liberate Ethiopia -
Fransico Franco
He was the leader of Spain during the Spanish Civil War. He claimed that Spain was a place to stop Facism. Hitler and Mussolini supported him with troops. -
Quarantine Speech
FDR's Quarantine Speech -Given by FDR
-Calling for international quarantine of the aggressor nations
-Intensified isolationist mood and caused protest -
German troops march into Austria
-Hitler had German troops march into Austria
-Bases this action on an alleged call for help by Authur Seyss-Inquart
-Nearly 100% of voters voted yes in a plebiscite -
Munich Pact
Munich Pact -The purpose was to discuss the future of Sudetenland int he face of territorial demand made by Adolf Hitler
-Signed by Nazi Germany, France, Britain, and Italy
-Allowed Germany to take over all of Czechoslokia -
Winston Churchill- "Appeasement"
-Didn't share sediments with Churchill
-Churchill's political rival, Chamberlin, adopted appeasement, which gives up principles to pacify an aggressor
-Churchill opposed this policy and gave a formal warning -
Krisallnacht
-Also called "Crystal Night" or the "Night of the Broken Glass"
-Anti-Jewish program in Nazi Germany
-Triggered by the assassination in Paris, followed by persecutions
-Nazis smashed windows of Jewish businesses and blamed them -
The Battle of the Atlantic
-Was the longest continuous military campaign of World War II
-Though some say it was a series of naval campaigns and offensives
-The Battle of the Atlantic pitted U-boats and other warships of the German Navy (Kriegsmarine) against Allied convoys -
Nonaggression Pact
-Agreement in which two nations promise not to go to war
-Signed between Soviet Union and Germany
-Also signed 2nd pact secretly to divide Poland between them
-Allowed Soviet Union and Germany to conquer some nations without hostile reactions towards one another -
Blitzkrieg
-Translate to English as "Lightning War"
-Military strategy that enabled Germans to take over enemies by surprise
-Very successful tactic in eliminating the opposition -
Soviets invade Finland
Soviets invade Finland
-NIcknamed the "Winter War"
-Finland ceded 11% of its pre-war territory and 30% of economic assets to the Soviet Union
-Ssoviets did not accomplish total conquest, but gained sufficient territory -
Germans invade Denmark and Norway
-Envoys informed the government of Denmark and Norway
-Wehrmacht had come to protect the country's neutrality against Franco-British aggression
-Opposite climates between two countries made military operations dissimilar -
Germany and Italy invade France
-Germans cut off and surrounded allied units
-Advanced into Belgium
-Plan was to avoid a two-front war
-Many lives were lost in this devastating war
-Served as an example to many countries for the imperialism going on in Germany -
The North African Front
-Included campaigns fought in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts (Western Desert Campaign also known as the Desert War)
-The campaign was fought between the Allies and Axis powers
-The Allied war effort was dominated by the British Commonwealth and exiles from Germany -
Battle of Britain
-Hitler was mainly focused on the possibilities of invading the Soviet Union
-British public and political sediment favored a negotiated price with ascendant Germany
-The majority of Winston Churchill's Cabinent refused to consider an armistice with Hitler -
Axis Powers
-Comprises of the countries opposed to the allies in WWII
-These countries are: Germany, Japan, and Italy
-Military alliance on the signing of the Tripartite Pact -
Selective Service & the G.I.
-The United States maintains information on these potentially subject to military conscription
-Males between 18-25 are required by law to register within 30 days of their 18th birthday
passed by 65th US Congress
G,I.'s were US Army members subjected and placed under this service -
The election of 1940
-Franklin Roosevelt elected for his 3rd term
-Promised no foreign wars if re-elected
-Built strong support from Labor Unions -
Concentration Camps (genocide)
-Defined as: the prisonment or confinement of people
-Many Jews were over-worked and died at these camps
-Intended first only to hold political prisoners -
Atlantic Charter
-Public statement agreed between Britain and the United States
-Intended as a blue print for post-war
-Post-war independence for Britain and France posessions -
Lend-Lease
-U.S. supplied Allied Nations with war materials
-$50.1 billion war supplies were shipped
-Most supplies were shipped to Britain. $31.4 billion -
A. Phillip Randolph
-A prominent twentieth-century African-American civil rights leader
-The founder of both the March on Washington Movement and the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
-Randolph emerged as one of the most visible spokesmen for African-American civil rights -
Germans invade Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg
-Hitler ordered Germans to begin preliminary planning for invasions
-Germans were unmerciful in conquering these nations
-Convinced of the threat posed by the allie's iron supply -
Philippines, Corregidor, Douglas MacArthur
-Douglas MacArthur was an American general and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army
-Led the Philippines and Corregidor campaigns
-He was a highly decorated soldier of the war, receiving the Medal of Honor for his early service in the Philippines -
Neville Chamberlain- "Peace with Honor"
-MacArthur was recalled to active duty in the US Army as a major general
-Philippines Department had 22,000 troops
-Found out about the attack on Pearl Harbor from commercial broadcasts
-Lead to the Disaster at Clark Field -
Leader of Japan- Hideki Tojo
-Suggested that he was smart, hardboiled, and resourceful
-Imperial Japanese Army general
-Succeeding leader of 40th Prime Minister of Japan
-Held Responsible for the bombing of Pearl Harbor -
Pearl Harbor
-Lagune Harbor in the Hawaii islands
-Unannounced attack by the Japanese
-U.S. entered WWII because of this -
War Plans with Churchill and FDR
-War if officially declared on Germany and other nations
-Pushed the United States into the struggle by attacking the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
-Four days later Hitler declared war on the United States -
Guadalcanal
-2,510-square-mile tropical island in the South-Western Pacific
-Largest island in the Solomon Islands
-Was the scene of fierce fighting between the Allies and Japanese forces in the Guadalcanal Campaign of World War II -
Internment of Japenese
-Japanese American internment was the forced relocation and internment by the United States governmentapproximately
-110,000 Japanese Americans and Japanese were interned
-President Franklin Delano Roosevelt authorized the internment with Executive Order 9066 -
Industrial Response
-The unemployment problem ended in the United States with the beginning of World War II
-Wartime production created millions of new jobs and the draft pulled young men out
-The war mobilization changed the relationship of the Congress of Industrial Organizations -
The Battle of the Coral Sea
-Major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II between the Imperial Japanese Navy and Allied naval and air forces from the United States
-The battle was the first fleet action in which aircraft carriers engaged each other -
Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC)
-The Women's Army Corps (WAC) was the women's branch of the US Army
-It was created as an auxiliary unit, the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) on 14 May 1942
-Converted to full status as the WAC in 1943 -
The Battle of Midway
-Widely regarded as the most important naval battle of the Pacific Campaign of World War II
-One month after the Battle of the Coral Sea and six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor
-United States Navy decisively defeated an Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) attack against Midway Atoll -
The Battle of Stalingrad
-A major battle of World War II in which Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in southwestern Russia
-The German offensive to take Stalingrad, the battle inside the city and the Soviet counter-offensive -
The Italian Campaign
-Name of Allied operations in and around Italy
-Joint Allied Forces Headquarters AFHQ was operationally responsible for all Allied land forces in the Mediterranean theatre
-Planned and commanded the invasion of Sicily -
D-Day
-A term often used in military parlance to denote the day on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated
-Represents a variable, designating the day upon which some significant event will occur
-initiating the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II -
Troop build up in the Rhineland
-Rhineland had been made into demilitarised zone
-Germany had political control of this area
-Build up of troops, over 32,000 soldiers crossing into Rhineland
-Over-run with troops, outnumbering civialians by almost 2:1 -
The Battle of Leyte Gulf & kamikazes
-Invasion and conquest of Leyte in the Philippines by American and Filipino guerrilla forces
-Under the command of General Douglas MacArthur
-Kamikazes were suicide attacks by military aviators from the Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels -
The Battle of the Bulge
-A major German offensive launched towards the end of World War II
-Known to the English-speaking general public simply as the Battle of the Bulge
-The German offensive was supported by several subordinate operations known as Unternehmen Bodenplatte -
The Battle of Iwo Jima
-Battle in which the United States fought for and captured Iwo Jima from Japan
-The U.S. invasion was charged with the mission of capturing the two airfields on Iwo Jima
-The battle produced some of the fiercest fighting in the Pacific Campaign of World War II -
Harry Truman becomes President
-President Roosevelt died less than three months after beginning his fourth term
-President Truman took his place after this tragic incident
-Truman served as an artillery officer, making him the only president to have seen combat in World War I -
The Battle of Okinawa
-Codenamed Operation Iceberg, was fought on the Ryukyu Island of Okinawa
-Was the largest amphibious assault in the Pacific War
-Lasted for 82 days -
Unconditional Surrender/V-E Day
-World War II Allies formally accepted the unconditional surrender of the armed forces of Nazi Germany
-End of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich
-On 30 April Hitler committed suicide during the Battle of Berlin -
Yalta
-A city in Crimea, southern Ukraine, on the north coast of the Black Sea
-Said to have been founded by Greek sailors who were looking for a safe shore
-Yalta was the principal holiday resort of the Soviet Union
-Yalta conference took place here -
Potsdam
-Capital city of the German federal state of Brandenburg and is part of the Metropolitan area of Berlin/Brandenburg
-Potsdam has several claims to national and international notability
-Potsdam conference located here -
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
-Hiroshima is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshū\
-It became the first city in history destroyed by a nuclear weapon when the United States of America dropped an atomic bomb
-Nagasaki is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū -
Nuremberg War Trials
-Series of military tribunals, held by the main victorious Allied forces of World War II
-Most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of the defeated Nazi Germany -
The Manhattan Project
-Codename for a project conducted during World War II to develop the first atomic bomb
-Included participation from the United Kingdom and Canada
-The scientific research was directed by American physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer
