History of Medicine-Carla

By Carla Orellana
  • 4000 BCE

    4000BC-3000BC primitive times

    4000BC-3000BC primitive times
    Illnesess and diseases were caused by evil spirits and demons, a punishment of Gods
    -Tribal witch doctors treated illness with ceremonies
    -Herbs and plants used as medicines (Morphine and Digitalis)
    -Trepanation or trephining( surgically removing a piece of bone from the skull)
    -average life span was 20 years
  • 1700 BCE

    1700 BC-AD 220 Ancient Chinese

    1700 BC-AD 220 Ancient Chinese
    -Believed in the need to treat the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body
    - recorded a pharmacopoeia of medications based mainly on the use of herbs, used therapies such as acupuncture
    -began to search for medical reasons for illness
    average lifespan was 20-30
  • 753 BCE

    753 BC – AD 410 Ancient Romans

    753 BC – AD 410 Ancient Romans
    -First to organize medical care by providing care for injured soldiers
    -Later hospitals were religious and charitable institutions in monasteries and convents
    -First public health and sanitation systems by building sewers and aqueducts
    -Galen established belief that the body was regulated by four body humors; blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile
    -Life span was 25-35 years
  • 200 BCE

    1200 BC –200 BC Ancient Greeks

    1200 BC –200 BC Ancient Greeks
    -Hippocrates (Father of Medicine) and other physicians
    -First to observe the human body and the effects of disease – led to modern medical sciences.
    -Believed illness is a result of natural causes
    -Used therapies such as massage, art therapy, and herbal treatment
    -Stressed diet, hygiene and exercise as ways to prevent disease
    -Average life span was 25-35 years
  • 16

    16th and 17th Centuries

    16th and 17th Centuries
    -Knowledge regarding the human body GREATLY increased
    Invention of the microscope
    -Allowed physicians to see disease-causing organisms.
    HUGE advancement
    -Apothecaries (early pharmacists) made, prescribed, and sold medications
    -Ambroise Pare (1510-1590), a French surgeon, known as the Father of Modern Surgery established use of ligatures to stop bleeding
    -Average life span 35-45 years
    -Cause of disease still not known – many people died from infections
  • 18

    18th Century

    18th Century
    -Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) created the first mercury thermometer
    -Smallpox vaccine discovered 1798
    -John Hunter (1728-1793), established scientific surgical procedures and introduced tube feeding
    -Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals
    -Average life span 40-50 years
  • 19

    19th Century

    19th Century
    -Rapid advancements due to discoveries of microorganisms, anesthesia, and vaccinations
    -First Open Heart Surgery - 1893
    -Infection control developed once microorganisms were associated with disease
    -Invention of the stethoscope - 1816
    -Formal training for nurses began
    -Women became active participants in health care
    -Average life span 40-60 years
  • 20

    20th Century Vaccines

    20th Century Vaccines
    Diptheria – 1921
    Tuberculosis – 1925
    Pertussis – 1927
    Typhus – 1937
    Influenza – 1945
    Oral Polio – 1962
    Measles – 1963
    Mumps – 1967
    Rubella – 1970
    Chicken Pox – 1974
    Streptococcus Pneumonia – 1977
    Meningitis – 1978
    Hepatitis B – 1981
    Hepatitis A – 1992
    Lyme Disease – 1998
    Rotavirus - 1998
  • 20

    20th Century

    20th Century
    -RAPID GROWTH in Health Care
    -Increased knowledge about the role of blood in the body
    ABO blood groups discovered
    -Found out how white blood cells protect against disease
    -The structure of DNA and research in gene therapy (Ongoing)
    -New medications were developed
    -Insulin discovered and used to treat diabetes
    -Antibiotics developed to fight infections

    -New machines developed
  • 21

    21st Century – Top 10

    21st Century – Top 10
    -The first totally implantable artificial heart was placed in a patient in Louisville, Ky. In 2001
    -Human Genome Project
    -Rapid advances in Stem Cell Research
    -Advances in HIV Medication
    Turned a “death sentence disease” into a manageable chronic disease – Normal Life Span
    -Targeted Cancer Therapies
    -Laparoscopic Surgery
    -Smoke Free Laws
    -Face Transplants – 2005
    -Vaccines
    HPV - 2006
  • 400

    AD 400 – AD 800 Dark Ages

    AD 400 – AD 800 Dark Ages
    -Emphasis on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited
    -Prayer and divine intervention were used to treat illness & disease
    -Monks and priests provided custodial care for sick people
    -Medications were mainly herbal mixtures
    -Average life span was 20-30 years
    -Disease Cause still blamed on circumstance, but no understanding
  • 1350

    AD 1350 – AD 1650 Renaissance

    AD 1350 – AD 1650 Renaissance
    -Rebirth of Science of Medicine
    -Body Dissections led to increased understanding of anatomy and physiology
    -Invention of printing press allowed medical knowledge to be shared
    -First anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)
    -Average life span was 30-40 years
    -Disease cause STILL a mystery
  • 1400

    AD 800 – AD 1400 Middle Ages

    AD 800 – AD 1400 Middle Ages
    -Renewed interest in medical practices of Greek and Romans
    -Bubonic Plague, 1300s killed 75% of population in Europe and Asia
    -Major diseases included smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, the plaque, and malaria
    -Medical Universities were established in the 9th Century
    -Arabs began requiring physicians pass examinations and obtain licenses
    -Average life span was 20-35 years

  • 3000BC-300BC Ancient Egyptians

    3000BC-300BC Ancient Egyptians
    -Physicians were priests health records were first recorded by the ancient Egyptians
    -Bloodletting or leeches used as medical treatment
    -Average lifespan was 20-30 years