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Dual Federalism
Under Dual Federalism, both state and national governments were equal authority operating within their own spheres of influence, as defined by a strict reading of the constitution. -
John Marshall & McCulloch vs Maryland
John Marshall was a judge with strong nationalist leanings. In the McCulloch vs Maryland case, Marshall concluded that was reasonal for the nation to exersize and complide power to start a bank since it woud help the nation properly execute its powers to regulate commerce and currency -
Doctrine of Nullification
The belief that states had the rights to nullify national laws that they believed that contridicted or clashed with state interest. -
Doctrine of Secession
The idea that states had the right to seperate themselves from the union. -
Interstate Commerce Act
Regulated the railroad industry. As new railroad lines were built, companies gained unprecedented power. Only in certain areas the railroads were effective transportation and compaines took advantage of that and higher the prices. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
Prevented company monopolies, or the exclusive control of a good or service in a particular market, and to encourage fair competitions in all industries. In the early 1900s the Sherman Antitrust Act was used to break up large monopolies including the American Tobacco Company. -
United States v. E.C. Knight Company
The Court ruled that a combination of sugar refining comanies was not a monopoly under that Sherman Antitrust Act. -
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Cooperative Federalism
Cooperative Federalism was marked by the belief that all levels of government should work together to solve problems. -
The New Deal
The New Deal created a series of national programs to address the needs of Americans. It marked a major change in the role of the national government, it was responsible for social and economic welfare of the people. -
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Creative Federalism
In this era, the national government funded state and local programs that met national goals, such as fighting poverty. -
Lyndon B. Johnson
Expanded the national government with the Great Society Program. Johnson called his approach to fixing national probles creative federaliism. -
The Great Society
The Great Society program was a series of initiatives aimed at eliminated poverty and social inequality. -
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New Federalism
Argues that decreased national spending and returning power to the states would imrove government. -
The Reagan Years
President Ronal Reagan supported returning power to the states. He believed that the nation government was less effective that state governments in providing services to people. -
Ronaly Reagan
Reagan worked to reduce the size of government by cuutting national grant money to states. He relaxed naational requirements that specified how states could use national grant money. He believed that states were more effective than the national government. -
Contract with Americans
It tried to reduce the size and power of the national government by eliminateing costly federal programs and by combining others. They feared that it might result in increased social and economic inequality, or that states might be unable to adequately find social programs. -
Devolution
Central to the Contract with America was the idea of returing power to the states, a idea know as devolution. -
Reconstruction Amendments
They were very improtant because they set national standards that states had to follow. At the time the national government would use its new constitutional powers to protect the rights of African Americans, women, and other groups of people that were descriminated by state and local government.