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Period: 480 BCE to 200 BCE
Moment 1 - Tradicional Grammar
Greece
The sophists
Plato: onoma and rhema = logos
Aristotle: distinguishes gender and time
Gorgias: metaphor, analogy and apostrophe
The Stoics
Semainómenon = meaning
Semainon = significant
Pragma = "the object"
The alexandrines: "the elements of euclid" (book)
Hindu tradition
Panini
Sanskrit grammar: discovered in the century in the 19th century but was from the 5th century BC -
Period: 60 BCE to
Moment 1 - Grammar of Port Royal and Roman times
Julius Caesar questions the analogy and anomaly
Varro writes "lingua latina"
- his work is divided into 3 parts: etymology, morphology syntax in 1660 is written the grammar of port royal (written by claude lancelot in collaboration with antoine arnould) where it exposes "the foundations of the art of speaking".
is divided into 2 parts:
-ortography and prosody
-analogy and syntax
is based on a rationalist thought -
Period: to
moment 2 - comparative method
comparative method
covers topics such as the romanticism that arises in Germany discovered the first language spoken by man later the scientific method was introduced which forced German linguists to bring Indo-European languages (languages spoken from India to Europe with very common features) -
Period: to
Moment 2 - neogrammarians
neogrammed
. K. Brugmann,
H. Paul,
A. Leskien
H. Osthoff
known as "young linguists" or "Junggrammatiker"
there are linguistic changes like:
-the transformation of Latin into Spanish, French, Portuguese, Provencal, Catalan and Italian.
-the transformation of German into German, Gothic, English, Icelandic, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian.
- there are also sound changes at this time -
Period: to
Momemt 3 - the structuralism
ferdinand de saussure
raises
-the synchrony
diacronia
-Structuralism.:
-Language is not a form nor a substance "
- It was a movement that proposed a conception of the facts of language -Dicotomy: Language and speech.
-Dicotomy: Synchrony and diachrony.
-Dicotomy: Internal Linguistics and External Linguistics. -
Period: to
Moment 3 - noam chompsky , generative grammar
(a set of theoretical frameworks for the study of the syntax of languages), generative transformational grammar and universal grammar Tso. Van Dijk (1979) drew attention to the fact that the linguistic name of the text does not refer to a single discipline, but that term is used to label any study that has text as its object.