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Period: 1254 BCE to 1616 BCE
Europe - The Renaissance and Reformation
Marco Polo (1254 -1324)
Cosimo de’ Medici (1389 - 1464)
Dante Alighieri (1265 - 1321)
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469 - 1527)
Michelangelo ( ? - 1564)
Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519)
Petrarch (1304 - 1374)
Johann Gutenberg (1400- 1468)
Desiderius Erasmus (1466 - 1536)
Cervantes(1547 - 1616)
William Shakespeare ( 1564 - 1616)
Albrecht Dürer (1471 - 1528)
Martin Luther (1483 - 1546)
John Calvin (1509 - 1564) -
Period: 400 to 1500
Europe - Important People
Eleanor of Aquitaine ( 1122 - 1204 )
Charlemagne ( 742 - 814 )
Benedict ( around 500 )
Patrick (around 400 )
Middle Ages (500 to 1500) -
500
17.2 - Europe - Rules are Created
St. Benedict made his own set of rules about how monks should behave. The people who followed this set of rules were part of the Benedictine Order, which was the largest group of monks in Europe during the beginning of the Middle Ages. -
500
17.2 - Europe - Christianity Spreads to Northern Europe
At the beginning of the Middle Ages, only the Roman Empire was Christian. Christianity began to spread due to the efforts of monks and missionaries. -
900
18.3 - Cluny - A Monastery is Created in Cluny
French monks who were displeased with the church and started their own monastery. They had strict schedules, and only minded religious matters. -
1000
17.3 - Europe - New Towns Appear
During the Middle Ages, people typically lived on farms or manors. When the population increased, new towns began to form, and when the population increased, so did trade. -
1054
18.1 - Europe - Popes and Bishops fight for power
In a clash, Pope Leo IX and the bishop of Constantinople were fighting over who had more authority. The pope excommunicated the bishop, proving he had more power. -
1066
17.3 - Europe - William Conquers England
William the Conqueror was a French noble who was a duke of Normandy. He decided to invade England in 1066 AD and defeated them in the Battle of Hastings. Then he was the king of England. As a gift for his knights who fought for him, he gave them land, which was the start of feudalism. -
1085
18.5 - Europe - The Reconquista Occurs
The Muslims Moors was in control of Spain, and when their power weakened, the Christians began to reconquer the land, known as the Reconquista. -
Period: 1096 to 1496
The Later Middle Ages - Important Events
The First Crusade (1096 - 1099)
The Second and Third Crusade ( 1147 - 1192 )
The Fourth Crusade (1201 - 1204)
The Black Death (1347 - 1351)
Reconquista (1085 - 1496) -
1201
18.2 - Europe - Zara is sacked
The crusaders wanted to sail to the Holy Land, but they lacked money. So the Venetians offered to provide financial support if they attacked Zara for them. -
1215
18.4 - Europe - Magna Carta is Created
The Great Charter was created because kings were abusing their power. The Magna Carter means, ‘you have the body’, and was rules that kings could not ignore. -
1300
19.1 - Italy - The Renaissance Begin
Renaissance means rebirth, because during the Renaissance, the appreciation for art and literature was reintroduced. The idea of Christian Humanism also was created during this time. -
1400
19.2 - Europe - The Creation of the Printing Press
Johann Gutenberg created a printing press that used the movable type. It made printing much more efficient so that a whole page could be printed at the same time. -
Period: 1473 to
Science and Exploration - Important People
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 - 1543)
Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642)
Isaac Newton (1642 - 1727)
Johannesburg Kepler (1571 - 1630)
Christopher Columbus
Ferdinand Magellan -
1492
20.2 - Europe - Trips are made to America
Christopher Columbus thought that he had reached Asia, but in reality, he had landed in the Bahamas. His journey was funded by Ferdinand and Isabella, who were promised the discovery of gold and Christians. -
1500
20.1 - Europe - Discoveries are made
It was discovered by Nicolaus Corpernicius that the planets move in elliptical orbits. Sir Isaac Newton creates the laws of motion. Galileo discovers that the planets orbit around the sun. -
1517
19.3 - Europe - The Reformation happens
Martin Luther had nailed the 95 Theses to the door of the church. It was a list of 95 complaints he had. -
Period: to
Enlightenment and Revolution - Important Figures
Voltaire (1694 - 1778)
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759 - 1797)
Adam Smith (1723 - 1790)
Denis Diderot (1713 - 1784)
John Locke (1632 - 1704)
Charles-Louis Montesquieu (1689 - 1755)
Lean-Jacques Rousseau (1712 - 1778)
Benjamin Franklin (1706 - 1790)
Thomas Jefferson (1743 - 1836)
Oliver Cromwell (1599 - 1658) -
20.3 - Europe and America - Europe and America trade
America sent the Europeans stock such as pumpkins, potatoes, and turkeys. Europe sent America bananas, onions, and coffee beans. -
21.3 - England - The Monarchy is Overthrown
The English monarchy and Parliament had a bad relationship. The conflict soon led to a civil war, with the Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell. The Parliament won and Oliver became a dictator, with his reign being a troubled and violent time. -
21.1 - France - Church ideas are questioned
Voltaire often mocked religious teachings in his writing. This is because he believed that humans could improve our own existence. -
21.2 - France - Ideas on the Government are changed
Montesquieu used The Spirit of Laws written by Locke to create ideas. He said that the government should be separated into parts to protect the people’s right and freedom. -
Chapter 17 - Modern Day Event - St. Patrick
Saint Patrick went on missionary trips to Ireland to attempt to convert the people there to Christianity. In our time, we celebrate St. Patrick’s Day in his honor. -
Chapter 19 - Modern Day - Gutenberg Bible
Johann Gutenberg created the printing press and made the Gutenberg bibles, there are now only 50 bibles in existence. -
Chapter 20 - Modern Day - the Colombian Exchange
Europe and America traded supplies, so each of the areas now have what was only produced in the other area. -
Chapter 18 - Modern Day Event - Parliament
The Parliament was created after the Magna Carta, and was meant to advise the king. It is now still governing England. -
Chapter 21 - Modern Day - Government Branches
Montesquieu wanted the government to be divided into branches to protect the freedom of the people. This idea meant that power was separated and no branch could not be absolutely in power. This is the government system countries such as America.